Palabras clave
Dípteros; Himenópteros; comunidades de insectos; polinizadores; insectos visitantes de flores.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Las plantas silvestres dependen principalmente de insectos para su polinización, y a su vez, muchas de estas plantas son esenciales para mantener una comunidad de insectos polinizadores estable, que beneficia a las especies cultivadas. En los ecosistemas de zonas altas de Costa Rica, la diversidad y abundancia de insectos visitadores florales ha sido poco estudiada, a pesar de su importancia y de la proximidad de cultivos en el área.
Objetivo: Determinar la riqueza y composición de especies de insectos visitadores florales de plantas herbáceas nativas y ruderales en un paisaje agrícola en la zona de San Gerardo de Dota, Costa Rica.
Métodos: Recolectamos insectos visitadores florales sistemáticamente por dos años, a lo largo de transectos en dos sitios, y los identificamos al nivel taxonómico más bajo posible. Estimamos la diversidad alfa para las estaciones seca y lluviosa y entre grupos de plantas. Estos grupos de plantas fueron definidos con base en sus características florales, otros rasgos de vida, y su relación taxonómica. Además, comparamos la composición de insectos visitadores florales entre estos grupos.
Resultados: Colectamos un total de 1306 insectos, principalmente moscas, de un total de 65 familias en 46 especies de plantas durante 12 visitas de muestreo. La diversidad alfa de insectos, particularmente de moscas (Diptera) fue mayor durante la época lluviosa, debido, posiblemente, a la mayor disponibilidad de recursos (e.g., alimento y sitios para reproducción) para este grupo de insectos. La composición de especies varió entre plantas agrupadas por su morfología floral. Algunas de las comunidades de insectos se traslaparon extensivamente en algunos grupos de plantas, mientras que para otras comunidades el traslape fue mucho menor.
Conclusión: Las diferencias estacionales en los insectos visitadores florales se pueden atribuir a la mayor disponibilidad de recursos durante la época lluviosa. Las diferencias en la composición de insectos visitadores florales entre los distintos grupos de plantas fueron probablemente influenciadas por variaciones temporales en las floraciones, la intensidad de estas floraciones y las características de las flores en cada grupo de plantas. Para conservar la diversidad de insectos visitadores florales y los servicios de polinización que estos proveen, es necesario mantener una diversidad alta de plantas ruderales.
Citas
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