Palabras clave
Preferences
Perceptions
Opinion surveys
Argentina
Desastres
Preferencias
Percepciones
Encuestas de opinión
Argentina
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción
Los desastres constituyen uno de los mayores desafíos que enfrenta la humanidad. Las percepciones respecto a estos eventos extremos y sus consecuencias afectan ampliamente el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas de adaptación y mitigación.
Objetivo principal
Analizar los determinantes de preferencias y percepciones sobre los desastres en Argentina (2017-2019).
Método y técnica
Se emplean dos ondas de una encuesta de opinión pública (N=3056) realizadas en 2017 y 2019. Se consideran determinantes socio-económicos y subjetivos y se procede con un análisis de regresión. Los resultados de interés incluyen la percepción de la probabilidad de morir a causa de un desastre, la preferencia hacia un mayor gasto público en viviendas más seguras y la preferencia hacia priorizar la protección ambiental o el crecimiento económico.
Resultados
Los resultados sugieren que las privaciones materiales del hogar, la provincia de residencia (Mendoza, San Juan y Santa Fe, en particular) y haber estado expuesto previamente a desastres, afectan significativamente la percepción sobre los desastres. En el mismo sentido, la confianza en la comunidad y la percepción sobre la facilidad de recibir beneficios públicos en caso de necesitarlos constituyen determinantes subjetivos relevantes.
Conclusión
En el actual contexto de cambio climático los hallazgos de este trabajo constituyen un insumo para la elaboración e implementación de políticas de preparación y mitigación frente a desastres. En este sentido, entender qué experiencias o factores socio-económicos afectan las preferencias hacia la protección ambiental es de vital importancia.
Citas
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