Biotecnología aplicada al estudio de la movilidad del semen porcino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v32i2.40628Palabras clave:
eyaculado, reproducción, verraco, inseminación artificialResumen
Introducción. El uso de biotecnologías reproductivas ha significado una mejora relevante sobre los parámetros de eficiencia y rentabilidad en la industria porcina. Objetivo. Determinar el estado del arte en el que se encuentra la biotecnología aplicada al estudio del semen y la implementación; en granjas porcinas; de técnicas de reproducción asistida como la inseminación artificial. Desarrollo. En el sector porcino, la fertilidad de los verracos (Sus scrofa domestica) tiene un efecto significativo sobre la eficiencia general de la reproducción de las piaras. Aunque hay métodos objetivos de valoración precisa de las variables seminales de los verracos, muchas granjas aún continúan realizando sus evaluaciones de forma subjetiva. Los conceptos bioquímicos que determinan la funcionalidad del gameto masculino o espermatozoide son molecularmente complejos, sin embargo, pueden conocerse los aspectos generales de la funcionalidad y desarrollar métodos de manejo del semen que permita el mantenimiento de las condiciones óptimas de las muestras seminales o dosis de semen utilizadas en inseminación artificial (IA). Dentro de la funcionalidad espermática intervienen parámetros clásicos de volumen, concentración y movilidad que son fundamentales para la optimización de las dosis seminales producidas por verraco. Los sistemas CASA (Computerassisted semen analysis) son una aplicación biotecnológica que desplaza el análisis subjetivo tradicional del semen para la valoración de la calidad, estos aportan grandes volúmenes de información que han permitido explorar más en detalle los eyaculados porcinos. Conclusiones. En las granjas que utilizan la inseminación artificial, el uso de técnicas biotecnológicas para el análisis seminal, constituye un valor agregado para el estudio de la calidad del semen y la optimización de dosis seminales producidas.
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