Pedagogical Authority and Gender Stereotypes in University Teaching Practices

Abstract

Pedagogical authority plays a crucial role in shaping students' development and is influenced by gender-related ideas, beliefs, and representations in higher education. Through this authority, social and cultural influences may shape students' expectations and foster differentiated treatment based on gender, which impacts teaching and learning processes and perpetuates inequalities. This article examines, from a student perspective, how pedagogical authority is shaped by gender beliefs and representations within universities in northern Mexico. The study employs a mixed-methods approach with a descriptive scope, utilizing surveys and semi-structured interviews directed at university students from three institutions. Quantitative analysis produced a four-factor model: discriminatory and sexist practices in educational processes, beliefs about competencies and abilities by gender, integration of a gender perspective in the curriculum, and equitable treatment alongside inclusive language. Qualitative findings from interviews further underscore issues related to sexist language in educational settings, gender stereotypes that limit opportunities, gender-based differentiated treatment, and steps toward equality and equity. The normalization of gender stereotypes within education not only affects students' career choices but also creates psychological barriers that may limit their success and participation. These findings highlight a dual aspect of pedagogical authority. Given the transformative potential of educational relationships, training and awareness in gender and diversity can be valuable tools to help educators recognize and mitigate these biases.