Phenomenology as a Critical Philosophy for the Study of Immediate Reality

Abstract

The objective of this essay was to reflect on the theoretical-conceptual development of Husserlian phenomenology as a critical philosophy. The methodology consisted of an exhaustive review of the relevant works by Husserl that explained the conceptual structure that makes up the phenomenological system. This based on his review of European science and philosophy in the first half of the 20^th century. Where he raises the need for a 'rigorous science 'and exposes the epojé, the transcendental reduction and the constitutive and structural elements of the phenomenological reduction on the immediate data of experience and perception until he reaches his last work: Krisis, where he recapitulates the importance of continuing to work on phenomenology. The ‘transcendental reduction’ is taken up again, exposing anthropological and axiological factors present in his early works, such as The First Lessons in Ethics (1908-1914), Ideas (1923) and the texts by Kaizo (1920s). The work has a historical, methodological and critical-conceptual orientation on phenomenology as a scientific method of approaching reality, subjectivity and the knowing subject based on perception, experience and cultural implications. We will try to answer: What is phenomenology? What is the structure of phenomenology and how does it proceed? Finally, how could phenomenological criticism be useful to humans?