Palabras clave
Nutritional intervention
oral support
vitamins
Costo-efectividad
Intervención nutricional
soporte oral
vitaminas
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Las estrategias nutricionales y dietéticas tienen por objetivo mejorar la salud. Los estudios de costos económicos permiten evaluar intervenciones, así como observar los costos y los beneficios. Se han desarrollado estrategias nutricionales cuyo costo sea bajo y cuya efectividad sea alta para disminuir la incidencia de enfermedades, por lo que desempeñan un papel importante en la recuperación y preservación de la salud. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las diferentes bases de datos, en la cual se incluyeron artículos costo-efectividad desde el punto de vista institucional, de intervenciones nutricionales y dietéticas desde 1980 a 2018. Los estudios se agruparon de acuerdo al tipo de intervención. Se comparó el objetivo de cada estudio con las diferencias de los estudios de simulación y de los estudios clínico-económicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 artículos. Todos eran ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, tanto en los estudios tomados de la literatura para hacer los estudios de simulación como en los estudios clínico-económico. Conclusiones: No todas las publicaciones reportan las unidades de efectividad en el mismo sistema monetario, ni definen efectividad de la misma manera, sin embargo, las estrategias de intervención nutricionales y dietéticas demuestran ser efectivas al reducir los días de hospitalización y al mejorar los pronósticos vitales y el estado de salud en general de los pacientes, por lo que su costo no solo es amortizable, sino que debería considerarse como parte esencial de las intervenciones sanitarias.
Citas
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