Supplementary Files
Keywords
conservation
richness
fish assemblages.
Complejidad
conservación
riqueza
comunidad de peces.
How to Cite
Abstract
Igarapés are Amazonian streams that are extremely susceptible to environmental changes. Due to the rapidly occurring riparian land use changes, and the several impacts these may have on fish assemblages, it is highly valuable to describe and understand the current relationships between these assemblages and the local environmental conditions, especially in barely know areas. In this research, we studied the taxonomic composition and fish assemblage attributes variation in three streams with different riparian conservation conditions: forest, intermediate and pasture. Samplings were performed every two months from October 2011 to September 2012, in three 1st order streams in the Machado River Basin, Rondônia. Fish were collected using trawls (seine net with a mesh size of 2 mm) and dip nets (2 mm mesh) along the entire stretch; the obtained samples were preserved and identified per site type. A total of 2 141 fish specimens belonging to 59 species, 17 families and five orders were recorded. Unlike the intermediate and pasture streams, the forest stream showed a high richness and low abundance. The forested stream exhibited the highest diversity and evenness value, and had low dominance, unlike the other streams. The variance partitioning and partial Redundancy Analysis (pRDA) indicated that assemblage composition was significantly explained by the environmental variables such as: depth, water velocity, pteridophytes and grasses, but not by spatial predictors. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that intermediate and pasture streams separated from the forested stream. We concluded that both, the stream environmental variables and fish assemblage attributes were influenced by the different conservation status and land cover. Given the influence of regional processes, which have a pervasive role in local fish assemblages, land use at the watershed scale is important, especially to explain the higher richness and diversity found in forested streams.
References
Barbour, M. T., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, B. D., & Stribling, J. B. (1999). Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers. Washington: USEPA.
Barletta, M., Jaureguizar, A. J., Baigun, C., Fontoura, N. F., Agostinho, A. A., Almeida‐Val, V. M. F., ... Correa, M. F. M. (2010). Fish and aquatic habitat conservation in South America: a continental overview with emphasis on neotropical systems. Journal of Fish Biology, 76(9), 2118-2176. doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02684.x
Barros, D. F. (2008). Estrutura de comunidades de peixes de igarapés na região do interflúvio Madeira-Purus. Pará: UFPA.
Borcard, D., Gillet, F., & Legendre, P. (2011). Numerical Ecology with R. New York: Springer.
Borcard, D., & Legendre, P. (2002). Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation. Ecology, 73, 1045-1055.
Buckup, P. A. (1999). Sistemática e biogeografia de peixes de riachos - Ecologia de Peixes de Riachos. Série Oecologia Brasiliensis, 6, 91-138.
Bunn, S. E., Davies, P. M., & Kellaway, D. M. (1997). Contributions of sugar cane and invasive pasture grass to the aquatic food web of a tropical lowland stream. Marine & Freshwater Research, 48, 173-179.
Carvalho, L. N., Zuanon, J., & Sazima, I. (2008). Natural history of Amazon fishes. In P. S. O. Claro & V. Rico-Gray (Eds.), Tropical biology and conservation management (pp. 1-32). Oxford: Eolss Publishers.
Casatti, L., Ferreira, C. P., & Carvalho, F. R. (2009). Grass-dominated stream sites exhibit low fish species diversity and dominance by guppies: an assessment of two tropical pasture river basins. Hydrobiologia, 632, 273-283. doi:10.1007/s10750-009-9849-y.
Casatti, L., Langeani, F., & Castro, R. M. C. (2001). Peixes de riacho do Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, bacia do alto rio Paraná, SP. Biota Neotropica, 1, 1-15.
Casatti, L., Pérez-Mayorga, M. A., Carvalho, F. R., Brejão, G. L., & Costa, I. D. (2013). The stream fish fauna from the rio Machado basin, Rondônia State, Brazil. Check List, 9, 1496-1504.
Casatti, L., Teresa, F. B., Gonçalves-Souza, T., Bessa, E., Manzotti, A. R., Gonçalves, C. S., & Zeni, J. O. (2012). From forests to cattail: How does the riparian zone influence stream fish? Neotropical Ichthyology, 10, 205-214.
Casatti, L., Teresa, F. B., Zeni, J. O., Ribeiro, M. D., Brejão, G. L., & Ceneviva-Bastos, M. (2015). More of the same: high functional redundancy in stream fish assemblages from tropical agroecosystems. Environmental Management, 55, 1300-1314. doi: 10.1007/s00267-015-0461-9.
Ceneviva-Bastos, M., & Casatti, L. (2007). Oportunismo alimentar de Knodus moenkhausii (Teleostei, Characidae): uma espécies abundante em riachos do noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 97, 7-15.
Clarke, K. R., & Warwick, R. M. (1994). Similarity-based testing for community pattern: the two-way layout with no replication. Marine Biology, 118, 167-176.
Colwell, R. K. (2013). EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples, Version 9. Available from: <http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/estimates>
Costa, I. D. (2014). Estrutura das assembleias de peixes de igarapés de terra firme da bacia do rio Machado/RO. Rio de Janeiro: UERJ.
Cruz, B. B., Miranda, L. E., & Cetra, M. (2013). Links between riparian landcover, instream environment and fish assemblages in headwater streams of south‐eastern Brazil. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 22, 607-616. doi: 10.1111/eff.12065.
Dembkowski, D. J., & Miranda, L. E. (2012). Hierarchy in factors affecting fish biodiversity in floodplain lakes of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 93, 357-368. doi: 10.1007%2Fs10641-011-9923-y.
Dray, S. D., Legendre, P., & Peres-Neto, P. R. (2006). Spatial modelling: a comprehensive framework for principal coordinate analysis of neighbour matrices (PCNM). Ecological Modelling, 196, 483-493.
Espírito-Santo, H. M. V. (2015). Cuidado onde pisa: poças temporárias têm importante papel na ecologia de peixes em igarapés de terra firme na Amazônia. Manaus, INPA.
Fernandes, L. C., & Guimarães, S. C. P. (2002). Atlas geoambiental de Rondônia. Porto Velho, Brasil: SEDAM.
Ferreira, A., Cyrino, J. E. P., Duarte-Neto, P. J., & Martinelli, L. A. (2012). Permeability of riparian forest strips in agricultural, small subtropical watersheds in south-eastern Brazil. Marine & Freshwater Research, 63, 1272-1282.
Ferreira, K., & Marinelli, C. E. (2001). Composição, riqueza e abundância da ictiofauna de um igarapé de terra firme da Amazônia Central, AM. Curso de Campo Ecologia da Floresta Amazônica, 157, 87-89.
Fitzgerald, D. G., Kott, E., Lanno, R. P., & Dixon, D. G. (1998). A quarter century of change in the fish communities of three small streams modified by anthropogenic activities. Journal of Aquatic Stress and Recovery, 6, 111-127.
Foley, J. A., Asner, G. P., Costa, M. H., Coe, M. T., DeFries, R., Gibbs, H. K., Howard, E. A., Olson, S., Patz, J., Ramankutty, N., & Snyder, P. (2007). Amazonia revealed: forest degradation and loss of ecosystem goods and services in the Amazon Basin. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5, 25-32.
Galuch, A. V. (2007). Adaptação de um Índice de Integridade Biótica para igarapés da Amazônia Central, com base em atributos ecológicos da comunidade de peixes. (Dissertação de Mestrado). INPA/UFAM, Manaus.
Google Earth (2016). KML Gallery: Explore the Earth on Google [On Line] Retirado de http://earth.google.com/gallery/index.html.
Gorman, O. T., & Karr, J. R. (1978). Habitat structure and stream fish communities. Ecology, 59, 507-515.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T., & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4, 9.
Hartmann, D. L., Klein Tank, A. M. G., Rusticucci, M., Alexander, L. V., Brönnimann, S., Charabi, Y., … P. M. Midgley (Eds.), Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (pp. 1-33). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hoeinghaus, D. J., Winemiller, K. O., & Birnbaum, J. S. (2007). Local and regional determinants of stream fish assemblage structure: inferences based on taxonomic vs. functional groups. Journal of Biogeography, 34, 324-338. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01587.x
Krusche, A. V., Ballester, M. V. R., Victoria, R. L., Bernardes, R. C., Leite, N. K., Hanada, L., Victoria, D. C., … Richey, J. E. (2005). Efeitos das mudanças do uso da terra na biogeoquímica dos corpos d’água da bacia do rio Ji-Paraná, Rondônia. Acta Amazonica, 35, 197-205.
Laudon, H., Kuglerová, L., Sponseller, R. A., Futter, M., Nordin, A., Bishop, K., … Agren, A. M. (2016). The role of biogeochemical hotspots, landscape heterogeneity, and hydrological connectivity for minimizing forestry effects on water quality. Ambio, 45, 152-162.
Levêque, C., Oberdorff, T., Paugy, D., Stiassny, M. L. J., & Tedesco, P. A. (2008). Global diversity of fish (Pisces) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 545-567.
Lorion, C. M., & Kennedy, B. P. (2009). Riparian forest buffers mitigate the effects of deforestation on fish assemblages in tropical headwater streams. Ecological Applications, 19, 468-479.
Ludwig, J. A., & Reynolds, J. F. (1988). Statistical Ecology. A primer on methods and computing. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Melo, C. E., Machado, F. A., & Pinto-Silva, V. (2004). Feeding habits of fish from a stream in the savanna of Central Brazil, Araguai Basin. Neotropical Ichthyology, 2, 37-44.
Mendonça, F. P. (2002). Ictiofauna de igarapés de terra firme: estrutura das comunidades de duas bacias hidrográficas Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, Amazônia Central. Manaus: INPA.
Mendonça, F. P., Magnusson, W. E., & Zuanon, J. (2005). Relationships between habitat characteristics and fish assemblages in small streams of Central Amazonia. Copeia, 4, 751-764.
Miserendino, M. L., Casaux, R., Archangelsky, M., Di Prinzio, C. Y., Brand, C., & Kutschker, A. M. (2011). Assessing land-use effects on water quality, in-stream habitat, riparian ecosystems and biodiversity in Patagonian northwest streams. Science of The Total Environmental, 409, 612-624.doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.10.034.
Naiman, R. J., Décamps, H., & Mcclain, M. E. (2005). Riparia: ecology, conservation, and management of streamside communities. Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press.
Nogueira, W. V., & Costa, I. D. (2014). Aspectos da alimentação de Knodus heteresthes (Characiformes, Characidae) no igarapé do Nove, bacia do rio Machado, Rondônia, Brasil. Biotemas, 27, 97-108. doi: 10.5007/2175-7925.2014v27n3p97
Peres-Neto, P. R., Legendre, P., Dray, S., & Borcard, D. (2006). Variation partitioning of species data matrices: estimation and comparison of fractions. Ecology, 87, 2614-2625.
Piccolo, J. J., Hughes, N. F., & Bryant, M. D. (2008). Water velocity influences prey detection and capture by driftfeeding juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 65, 266-275.
Pusey, B. J., & Arthington, A. A. (2003) Importance of the riparian zone to the conservation and management of freshwater fish: a review. Marine & Freshwater Research, 54, 1-16.
Queiroz, L. J., Torrente-Vilara, G., Ohara, W. M., Pires, T. H. S., Zuanon, J., & Doria, C. R. C. (2013). Peixes do Rio Madeira. São Paulo: Dialeto latin american documentary.
R Development core team. (2009). R: a language and environment for statistical computing, Version 2.9.1. Available from: <http://www.R-project.org>
Reis, R. E., Kullander, S. O., & Ferraris, J. R. (2003). Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: Edipucrs.
Rosenvald, R., Järvekülg, R., & Lõhmus, A. (2014). Fish assemblages in forest drainage ditches: Degraded small streams or novel habitats? Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 46, 37-44. doi:10.1016/j.limno.2013.12.004
Roth, N. E., Allan, J. D., & Ericson, D. L. (1996). Landscape influence on stream biotic integrity assessed at multiple spatial scales. Landscape Ecology, 11, 141-156.
Santos, F. B., Ferreira, F. C., & Esteves, K. E. (2015). Assessing the importance of the riparian zone for stream fish communities in a sugarcane dominated landscape (Piracicaba River Basin, Southeast Brazil). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 98, 1895-1912. doi: 10.1007/s10641-015-0406-4.
Tedesco, P. A., Oberdorff, T., Lasso, C. A., Zapata, M., & Hugueny, B. (2005). Evidence of history in explaining diversity patterns in tropical riverine fish. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 1899-1907.
Ter Braak, C. J. F., & Smilauer, P. (1998). Canoco reference manual and user’s guide to Canoco for windows: software for canonical community ordination, version 4. Ithaca: Microcomputer Power.
Teresa, F. B., & Casatti, L. (2010). Importância da vegetação ripária em região intensamente desmatada no sudeste do Brasil: um estudo com peixes de riacho. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 5, 444-453.
Tomasella, J., Hodnett, M. G., Cuartas, L. A., Nobre, A. D., Waterloo, M. J., & Oliveira, S. M. (2008). The water balance of an Amazonian micro-catchment: the effect of interannual variability of rainfall on hydrological behaviour. Hydrological Processes, 22, 2133-2147.
Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G. W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R., & Cushing, C. E. (1980). The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37, 130-137.
Walker, I. (1995). Amazonian streams and small rivers. In J. G. Tundisi, C. E. M. Bicudo, & T. Matsumura-Tundisi (Eds.), Limnology in Brazil (pp. 167-193). São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Limnologia/Academia Brasileira de Ciências.
Welcomme, R. & Halls, A. (2004). Dependence of tropical fisheries on flow. In R. Welcomme, & R. Petr (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Management of Large Rivers for Fisheries (pp. 267-283). Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Zeni, J. O., & Casatti, L. (2014). The influence of habitat homogenization on the trophic structure of fish fauna in tropical streams. Hydrobiologia, 726, 259-270. Doi: i:10.1007/s10750-013-1772-6.
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2017 Revista de Biología Tropical