Resumen
Igarapés son ríos amazónicos extremadamente susceptibles a los impactos ambientales. Debido al impacto de los cambios en el uso de las zonas riparias en los ensambles de peces, es importante describir y entender las relaciones entre los ensambles de peces y los factores ambientales, especialmente en áreas poco conocidas. Se estudió la composición taxonómica y los atributos del ensamble de peces en ríos bajo diferentes condiciones de conservación de la zona riparia: bosque, zona intermedia y pastos. Los muestreos se realizaron cada dos meses entre Octubre 2011 y Septiembre 2012, en tres ríos de primer orden en la cuenca del río Machado, Rondonia. Los peces fueron recolectados con redes de cerco y de profundidad (2 mm) a lo largo de todo el tramo. Se registró un total de 2 141 ejemplares pertenecientes a 59 especies, 17 familias y 5 órdenes. A diferencia de la zona intermedia y pasto, el bosque mostró una alta riqueza y baja abundancia. El área boscosa exhibió el valor más alto de diversidad y uniformidad, y baja dominancia, a diferencia de los otros sitios. La varianza particionada y el análisis de redundancia parcial (pRDA) indicaron que la composición del ensamble fue significativamente explicado por las variables ambientales como: profundidad, velocidad del agua, pteridofitas y pastos, pero no por predictores espaciales. El análisis de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico (EMNM) mostró que los ríos de sitios intermedios y pastos estaban separados de los ríos del bosque. Llegamos a la conclusión de que las variables ambientales de los ríos y los atributos del ensamble de peces se ven influenciados por los diferentes niveles de conservación y cobertura del suelo. En vista de la influencia de los procesos regionales en el ensamble de peces locales, el uso del suelo a escala de cuenca es importante, especialmente para explicar la alta riqueza y diversidad que se encuentra en el los ríos del área boscosa.
Citas
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