Respuestas al estrés por calor en los cultivos. II. Tolerancia y tratamiento agronómico.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v28i1.21904Palabras clave:
agronomía de respuesta, ambientes protegidos, ingeniería ambiental, microclima de los cultivos.Resumen
El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir las respuestas de las plantas y los mecanismos de tolerancia al estrés térmico, así como el uso de prácticas agronómicas para mitigar los efectos del estrés por alta temperatura en los cultivos. Se introduce el balance de energía de las hojas y los doseles como enlace entre la temperatura de las plantas y el aire. Se describen los efectos de las altas temperaturas sobre las relaciones hídricas, la fotosíntesis y la partición de los asimilados, y las respuestas morfológicas y fenológicas de algunos cultivos al estrés por calor. Se presenta la agronomía de respuesta para la prevención y remediación del estrés causado por calor, que se abordó desde el punto de vista del mejoramiento genético, del manejo agronómico, la farmacéutica y prácticas hortícolas variadas. Por último, se describen algunas prácticas agronómicas utilizadas para reducir los efectos negativos del estrés por alta temperatura en los cultivos, como el uso de coberturas del suelo, sombra natural o artificial, y la aplicación de sustancias hormonales, protectoras y otros productos de la industria toquímica moderna.
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