Calidad de huevo y comportamiento productivo de gallinas ponedoras ISA Brown con acceso a pastoreo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v34i2.51511Palabras clave:
avicultura, rendimiento de postura, rendimiento de huevo, calidad, pastoreoResumen
Introducción. Los sistemas de producción de huevo son fundamentales para la seguridad alimentaria. Las preocupaciones alrededor del bienestar animal incrementan el interés por los sistemas de producción de huevo con acceso a pastoreo. Objetivo. Describir los rendimientos productivos, características morfológicas y calidad nutricional de los huevos de gallinas ponedoras de la línea genética ISA Brown en un sistema de piso con acceso a pastoreo. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se llevó a cabo entre julio del 2018 y enero del 2020 en el cantón central de Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica, con gallinas de la línea genética ISA Brown con acceso a pastoreo. Se compararon los rendimientos productivos con el estándar de la línea genética. Se evaluaron variables morfológicas externas e internas del huevo y se caracterizó el contenido nutricional del mismo (materia seca, proteína cruda, extracto etéreo, cenizas, calcio, fósforo, ácidos grasos saturados (AGS), monoinsaturados (AGMI) y poliinsaturados (AGPI)), en gallinas de diferentes edades. Resultados. Los rendimientos productivos no distaron del estándar de la genética. El aumento en la edad del ave tuvo una influencia estadísticamente significativa sobre el incremento en el peso del huevo y de la cáscara, y la disminución del índice morfológico. El análisis nutricional indicó que el aumento en la edad de la gallina disminuyó el contenido de materia seca y la concentración de AGS y AGMI en el huevo. La relación AGPI/AGS de los huevos fue superior a 0,45, indistintamente de la edad de la gallina ponedora. Conclusión. Los indicadores productivos de las galinas con acceso a pastoreo no presentaron diferencias con los estándares de la línea genética ISA Brown para sistemas alternativos. El peso, el índice de yema, las unidades Haugh y el índice morfológico del huevo variaron con la edad de la gallina.
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