Efecto del diluyente, la edad y el estado sexual bovino sobre la cinemática del semen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2023.52597Palabras clave:
espermatozoo, toro, biotecnología animal, andrología, reproducciónResumen
Introducción. Los patrones cinemáticos del semen se condicionan por variación individual y/o un efecto ambiental determinado por el manejo posterior a la obtención de la muestra. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de dos diluyentes comerciales, la edad y estado sexual de los toros sobre la movilidad y cinética espermática del semen fresco bovino. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en las fincas ganaderas “La Vega”, San Carlos, y “La Balsa”, San Ramón, Costa Rica, entre marzo y agosto de 2021. Se utilizó el semen proveniente de trece toros Brahman, extraído por electroeyaculación. Se utilizaron 45 eyaculados en total, con un mínimo de dos y un máximo de cinco por animal. El semen se diluyó con dos diluyentes comerciales, Optixcell® y Bioxcell®, a una temperatura de 37 °C. Las muestras se analizaron mediante el Sistema Computarizado de Análisis Seminal (Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis, CASA)-Mot ISAS®v1 y una cámara de recuento espermática reutilizable Spermtrack® de 20 μm de profundidad. Resultados. Se observaron diferencias (p<0,05) respecto de la movilidad y cinemática de los espermatozoides, así como en los parámetros de cinética espemática, según el diluyente utilizado. Con el uso de Bioxcell® hubo mayor movilidad progresiva (64,03±2,01 %) en comparación con el Optixcell®. Los eyaculados diluidos con Bioxcell® presentaron un patrón cinemático más lineal y progresivo que los diluidos con Optixcell®, en los que hubo valores menores de velocidad promedio (VAP=106,67±0,24 μm s-1) e índice de rectitud (STR=79,35±0,10 %). La edad no mostró diferencias para la movilidad total, sin embargo, la movilidad progresiva fue mayor en animales de >48 meses (62,27±1,87 %). Se observó un efecto del estado sexual, durante la monta se presentó mayor linealidad, velocidad y oscilación espermática comparado al descanso sexual. Conclusión. La edad, el estado sexual y el diluyente utilizado para la preservación del semen condicionaron la calidad espermática de los eyaculados bovinos.
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