Percepciones de estudiantes de agronomía sobre ética, bienestar animal y entretenimiento basado en animales

Anthony Valverde; Jose A. González; Francisco Sevilla; Sara Mora; Celso Vargas; Olivier Castro

doi:10.15517/am.2024.58966

Autores/as

Anthony Valverde Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, San Carlos, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3191-6965
Jose A. González Colegio de Profesionales en Psicología de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-5837
Francisco Sevilla Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica – Universidad Nacional – Universidad Nacional Estatal a Distancia. Alajuela, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1480-4141
Sara Mora Universidad Nacional (UNA), Heredia, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3051-4139
Celso Vargas Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), Cartago, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-6186
Olivier Castro Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), San Carlos, Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-9459

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.58966

Palabras clave:

bioética, ciencia animal, conducta animal, ganadería

Resumen

Introducción. Los estudiantes universitarios de agronomía reconocen la importancia de la producción animal para satisfacer los requerimientos nutricionales de la sociedad, sin embargo, existe un vacío epistemológico respecto al uso de animales en actividades recreativas. Objetivo. Explorar las percepciones éticas y bioéticas de estudiantes de Licenciatura en Agronomía del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), respecto al bienestar animal y la utilización de animales bovinos en actividades de entretenimiento. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una encuesta a la población de estudiantes activos de la carrera de Ingeniería en Agronomía del ITCR durante el 2023, para evaluar las percepciones sobre el bienestar animal y el uso ético de animales en actividades recreativas. La aplicación del instrumento permitió describir las características del fenómeno observado en relación con las percepciones que tuvieron los estudiantes sobre bienestar animal. Se analizó la información mediante una prueba t para examinar si las medias de dos grupos independientes fueron significativamente diferentes entre sí. Resultados. Hubo un nivel de preocupación alto por el bienestar animal en la población estudiantil (70,8 %, n = 102; p<0,001). Además, esta preocupación fue cuatro veces mayor en las mujeres respecto de los hombres (odds ratio 4,44, p<0,001). Los estudiantes afirmaron que hay una gradación del sufrimiento animal (56,7 % n = 81, p<0,001) y la mayoría consideró que no es ético que se practiquen actividades de entretenimiento con animales (73,6 % n = 106, p<0,05). Conclusión. Los estudiantes expresaron apoyo al bienestar animal y reconocen la responsabilidad ética de los humanos hacia ellos para evitar su sufrimiento innecesario. Se sugiere incorporar enfoques multidisciplinarios en los currículos de carreras agropecuarias para abordar la relación humano-animal.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Almiron, N., & Tafalla, M. (2019). Rethinking the ethical challenge in the climate deadlock: anthropocentrism, ideological denial and animal liberation. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 32(2), 255-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10806-019-09772-5

Amiot, C. E., & Bastian, B. (2015). Toward a psychology of human-animal relations. Psychological bulletin, 141(1), 6-47. https://doi.org/10.1037/A0038147

Barros, C. (1993). Rito y violación: derecho de pernada en la Baja Edad Media. Historia Social, 16, 3-17. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40340331

Blasco, A. (2011). Ética y bienestar animal (1er ed.). Ediciones Akal, S.A. https://www.akal.com/libro/etica-y-bienestar-animal_34633/

Broom, D. M. (1991). Animal welfare: concepts and measurement. Journal of animal science, 69(10), 4167-4175. https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.69104167X

Bundy, J. M., Sterle, J. A., Johnson, A. K., & Krahn, G. T. (2019). The impact of an introductory animal handling course on undergraduate students who lack previous livestock handling experience. Journal of Animal Science, 97(8), 3588-3595. https://doi.org/10.1093/JAS/SKZ095

Clark, B., Stewart, G. B., Panzone, L. A., Kyriazakis, I., & Frewer, L. J. (2016). A systematic review of public attitudes, perceptions and behaviours towards production diseases associated with farm animal welfare. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 29(3), 455-478. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10806-016-9615-X/TABLES/1

Dawkins, M. S. (1977). Do hens suffer in battery cages? Environmental preferences and welfare. Animal Behaviour, 25, 1034-1046. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(77)90054-9

del Campo Gigena, M. (2009). El bienestar animal y la calidad de carne de novillos en Uruguay con diferentes sistemas de terminación y manejo previo a la faena. [Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia]. Riunet. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/4326

Feinberg, J. (1974). The rights of animals and unborn generations. In W. T. Blackstone (Ed.), Philosophy and environmental crisis (pp. 43–68). The University of Georgia Press.

Foucault, M. (1984). Right of death and power over life. The History of Sexuality: An introduction. Pantheon Books.

Franzky, A., Bohnet, W., Kuhne, F., & Luy, J. (2005). [Animal welfare legal aspects of rodeo events]. DTW. Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 112(3), 92—94. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/15847068

Fraser, D. (1999). Animal ethics and animal welfare science: bridging the two cultures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 65(3), 171-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(99)00090-8

Fraser, D. (2008). Understanding animal welfare. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 50(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-50-S1-S1

Fraser, D. (2012). A «Practical» Ethic for Animals. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 25(5), 721-746. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10806-011-9353-Z

García Saez, J. A. (2012). ¿Pueden los animales ser titulares de derechos? Algunos argumentos desde una teoría garantista del Derecho. Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental, 3(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.17345/rcda1284

Garner, R. (2012). Toward a Theory of Justice for Animals. Journal of Animal Ethics, 2(1), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.5406/JANIMALETHICS.2.1.0098

Goldhawk, C., Bond, G., Grandin, T., & Pajor, E. (2016). Behaviour of bucking bulls prior to rodeo performances and relation to rodeo and human activities. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 181, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPLANIM.2016.05.015

Hare, R. (1981). The philosophical basis of psychiatric ethics. In S. Block, & P. Chodoff (Eds.), Psychiatric ethics (pp. 31-45). Oxford University Press.

Herzog, H. A. (2007). Gender differences in human-animal interactions: A review. Anthrozoos, 20(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279307780216687

Hill, L., Winefield, H., & Bennett, P. (2021). Are stronger bonds better? Examining the relationship between the human–animal bond and human social support, and its impact on resilience. Australian Psychologist, 55(6), 729-738. https://doi.org/10.1111/AP.12466

Horgan, R., & Gavinelli, A. (2006). The expanding role of animal welfare within EU legislation and beyond. Livestock Science, 103(3), 303-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LIVSCI.2006.05.019

Kant, I. (1996). Kant: The metaphysics of morals. Cambridge University Press.

Kant, I. (2012). Fundamentación para una metafísica de las costumbres (2a ed.). Alianza.

Kielland, C., Skjerve, E., Østerås, O., & Zanella, A. J. (2010). Dairy farmer attitudes and empathy toward animals are associated with animal welfare indicators. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(7), 2998-3006. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.2009-2899

Kiley-Worthington, M. (1989). Ecological, ethological, and ethically sound environments for animals: Toward symbiosis. Journal of Agricultural Ethics, 2(4), 323-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01826810

Leon, A. F., Sanchez, J. A., & Romero, M. H. (2020). Association between Attitude and Empathy with the Quality of Human-Livestock Interactions. Animals, 10(8), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI10081304

Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica (1994). Ley 7451 de 1994. Bienestar de los Animales. Sistema Costarricense de Información Jurídica. Recuperado el 22 de febrero de 2024, de http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nr

m_texto_completo.aspx?nValor1=1&nValor2=24319

Leyton Donoso, F. (2014). Bioética frente a los derechos animales: tensión en las fronteras de la filosofía moral [Tesis Doctoral, Universitat de Barcelona]. Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292240

Lindsay, R. A. (2017). Animals, moral status, and the objectives of morality. Think, 16(47), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477175617000197

Losada-Espinosa, N., Miranda-De la Lama, G. C., & Estévez-Moreno, L. X. (2020). Stockpeople and Animal Welfare: Compatibilities, Contradictions, and Unresolved Ethical Dilemmas. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 33(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10806-019-09813-Z

Matas, A. (2018). Diseño del formato de escalas tipo Likert: un estado de la cuestión. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, 20(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.24320/REDIE.2018.20.1.1347

McEwan, A. B. (2016). The concept of violence: a proposed framework for the study of animal protection law and policy. The Australian National University. https://doi.org/10.25911/5D74E7AF5A903

McManus, P. (2022). Animal-based entertainment industries, animal death and Social Licence to Operate (SLO): an analysis of ‘The Final Race’ and the 2019 Melbourne Cup. Social & Cultural Geography, 24, 1242 - 1261. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2022.2053194

Mijares, S., Sullivan, P., Cramer, C., Román-Muñiz, N., & Edwards-Callaway, L. (2021). Perceptions of animal welfare and animal welfare curricula offered for undergraduate and graduate students in animal science departments in the United States. Translational Animal Science, 5(4), Article txab222. https://doi.org/10.1093/TAS/TXAB222

Moore, G. (2002). Principia ethica. Editorial Crítica S.L.

Nurse, A. (2016). Beyond the property debate: animal welfare as a public good. Contemporary Justice Review, 19(2), 174-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2016.1169699

Nussbaum, M. (2012). Crear capacidades. Propuesta para el desarrollo humano. Ediciones Paidós.

Pimentel, L. C., May, A. C., Iskander, J. K., Banks, R. E., & Gibbins, J. D. (2022). Assessment of One Health Knowledge, Animal Welfare Implications, and Emergency Preparedness Considerations for Effective Public Health Response. Public health reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974), 137(5), 964-971. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549211047234

Priest, C. (2019). Enforcing Sympathy: Animal Cruelty Doctrine after the Civil War. Law & Social Inquiry, 44(1), 136-169. https://doi.org/10.1017/LSI.2018.11

Procyshyn, T. L., Watson, N. V., & Crespi, B. J. (2020). Experimental empathy induction promotes oxytocin increases and testosterone decreases. Hormones and behavior, 117, Article 104607. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YHBEH.2019.104607

Pulina, G. (2023). Anthropocentrism, natural harmony, sentience and animal rights: are we allowed to use animals for our own purposes? Animals, 13(6), Article 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI13061083

Radeski, M., O’Shea, H., De Meneghi, D., & Ilieski, V. (2018). Positioning animal welfare in the One Health concept through evaluation of an Animal Welfare Center in Skopje, Macedonia. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 4, Article 238. https://doi.org/10.3389/FVETS.2017.00238/BIBTEX

Rebollada-Merino, A., Bárcena, C., Barreno, L., Pizarro-Díaz, M., Domínguez, L., & Rodríguez-Bertos, A. (2022). Animal abuse in Spanish-breed fighting cocks (Gallus gallus domesticus). Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments, 2, Article 100050. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FSIAE.2022.100050

Reese, D. E., Burson, D. E., Gilster, K. E., Kinder, J. E., Owen, F. G., & Brink, D. R. (1987). Demographics of animal science students and factors influencing choice of major. NACTA Journal, 31(2), 23-25.

Reid, P. J., Cussen, V. A., Collins, K. A., & Lockwood, R. (2022). The utility of model dogs for assessing conspecific aggression in fighting dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 254, Article 105710. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPLANIM.2022.105710

Reiling, B. A., Marshall, T. T., Brendemuhl, J. H., McQuagge, J. A., & Umphrey, J. E. (2003). Experiential learning in the animal sciences: Development of a multispecies large-animal management and production practicum. Journal of Animal Science, 81(12), 3202-3210. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81123202X

Russell, S., & Nicoll, C. (1996). A dissection of the chapter «Tools for Research» in Peter Singer’s Animal Liberation. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 211(2), 109-138. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-211-43958A

Sakellari, M., & Skanavis, C. (2013). Environmental behavior and gender: An emerging area of concern for environmental education research. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 12(2), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533015X.2013.820633

Schmidt, K. (2011). Concepts of animal welfare in relation to positions in animal ethics. Acta Biotheoretica, 59(2), 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10441-011-9128-Y

Singer, P. (1990). Animal liberation (2nd ed.). New York Review of Books.

Stoddart, H. (2004). Animals in Sport and Entertainment. The Reference Librarian, 41(86), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1300/J120V41N86_03

Sullivan, P., Davis, M., Smith, C. L., Delmore, R., Román-Muñiz, N., Cramer, C., Stallones, L., & Edwards-Callaway, L. (2022). A preliminary exploration of the impact of experiential learning on animal science undergraduates’ perceptions of humane stunning and slaughter. Translational Animal Science, 6(3), Article txac108. https://doi.org/10.1093/TAS/TXAC108

Sullivan, P., Smith, C., Machuca, E., Figan, A., Mijares, S., Roman-Muniz, N., Cramer, C., Ahola, J., Stallones, L., & Edwards-Callaway, L. (2023). Exploring undergraduate students’ perceptions of food animal production and their sense of belonging in an introductory animal science course. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4, Article 1268719. https://doi.org/10.3389/FANIM.2023.1268719

Tarazona, A. M., Ceballos, M. C., & Broom, D. M. (2019). Human relationships with domestic and other animals: One health, one welfare, one biology. Animals, 10(1), Article 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI10010043

Trevathan-Minnis, M., & Shapiro, K. (2021). Human-animal studies in psychology: The history and challenges of developing clinically based ethical programs involving animals. Humanistic Psychologist, 49(4), 589-601. https://doi.org/10.1037/HUM0000260

Valverde, A. (2024, junio 20). Entretenimiento con Animales. Seminario Universidad: Opinión. https://semanariouniversidad.com/opinion/entretenimiento-con-animales/

Verbeke, W. (2009). Stakeholder, citizen and consumer interests in farm animal welfare. Animal Welfare, 18(4), 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0962728600000725

Webster, J. (2014). Ethical and animal welfare considerations in relation to species selection for animal experimentation. Animals, 4(4), Article 729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI4040729

Williams, A. R., Parsons, C. T., Dafoe, J. M., Boss, D. L., Bowman, J. G. P., & Delcurto, T. (2018). The influence of beef cow weaning weight ratio and cow size on feed intake behavior, milk production, and milk composition. Translational Animal Science, 2(Suppl 1), S79-S83. https://doi.org/10.1093/TAS/TXY044

Yeates, J. W. (2023). Sentience, harmony and the value of nature. Animals, 13(1), Article 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI13010038

Zuolo, F. (2015). A theory of justice for animals. Animal rights in a nonideal world. By Robert Garner (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013). Constellations, 22(3), 473-475. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12197