Panorama de los medios de dilución espermática para la criopreservación en carnero
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.59591Palabras clave:
congelación, diluyentes de semen, reproducción, criobiología, calidad espermáticaResumen
Introducción. Uno de los métodos más utilizados para mejorar la reproducción de los animales domésticos es la criopreservación del esperma. Para lograr los mejores resultados, este proceso complejo requiere el control meticuloso de numerosas variables. La criopreservación del esperma es una técnica utilizada en programas de mejora genética y conservación de muchas especies, especialmente los pequeños rumiantes. En este caso, el material genético de un número limitado de machos seleccionados puede utilizarse para inseminar un gran número de ovejas. Objetivo. Analizar los avances actuales en diluyentes utilizados en la criopreservación de esperma de carnero. Desarrollo. En los carneros, los espermatozoides tienen una proporción intra-membrana colesterol: fosfolípidos más baja que otras especies, lo que los hace más susceptibles a los daños asociados a la criopreservación que otros animales utilizados en la producción ganadera. La congelación y descongelación adecuada pueden evitar daños metabólicos y estructurales de los espermatozoides en la especie ovina, algo que no ha sido posible hasta el momento. El éxito del proceso de congelación de espermatozoides depende de varios factores como la velocidad de congelación/descongelación, el tiempo de equilibrio, los propios gametos o la composición del medio que rodea a los espermatozoides, entre otros. Los medios de dilución del semen podrían afectar los procesos de criopreservación. Conclusión. La vulnerabilidad del esperma de carnero al estrés criogénico plantea retos para mantener la viabilidad después de la descongelación y lograr tasas de fertilidad altas. Es necesario realizar más investigaciones centradas en refinar las estrategias de suplementación, optimizar los protocolos de congelación y explorar nuevos crioprotectores para superar estos desafíos y hacer más eficaz la criopreservación del semen de carnero para mejorar los resultados reproductivos en los programas de mejora genética ovina.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Francisco Sevilla, Gerald Muça, Luigj Turmalaj, Miguel A. Silvestre, Ignacio Araya, Anthony Valverde
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- Los autores/as pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en esta revista (p. ej., incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as a publicar su trabajo en Internet (por ejemplo en páginas institucionales o personales) antes y durante el proceso de revisión y publicación, ya que puede conducir a intercambios productivos y a una mayor y más rápida difusión del trabajo publicado (vea The Effect of Open Access).
