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La obesidad infantil es una preocupación en materia de salud pública que amenaza la salud y el bienestar de los niños en todo el mundo y que se relaciona con varias condiciones crónicas de salud en ese grupo. Aunque el equilibrio energético positivo conlleve a un exceso de peso corporal en los niños, hay varios factores que influyen en su estado de peso. El consumo de alimentos y la actividad física contribuyen en gran medida al equilibrio energético de los niños. La salud mental también se relaciona con su estado de peso y actividad física. Además, la raza y el origen étnico, la estructura familiar, así como el ambiente construido contribuyen a la cantidad de actividad física que practican los niños. Uno de los objetivos de esta revisión es resumir la conexión entre la actividad física y el estado de peso en los niños y resaltar los factores clave que influyen en esta relación, tales como la salud mental y la raza, el origen étnico, la estructura familiar y el ambiente construido. Otro objetivo es resaltar las intervenciones y las políticas que pueden influir en la relación entre la actividad física y el estado de peso en los niños. Las políticas que influyen en el entorno pueden mejorar la accesibilidad a actividades físicas por parte de los niños y afectar la seguridad, la densidad de los supermercados y las instalaciones comerciales de actividad física disponibles en los vecindarios, y el suministro de oportunidades estructuradas de actividad física para los niños. Las políticas que influyen en el entorno escolar también brindan oportunidades para facilitar la actividad física adicional en los estudiantes. Por lo tanto, el propósito general de esta revisión es estudiar los muchos factores que influyen en el estado de peso de los niños y proporcionar ideas para futuras investigaciones.
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