Palabras clave
performance
physical training & conditioning
Costa Rican cadets
actividad física
desempeño
entrenamiento físico y acondicionamiento
cadetes costarricenses
Cómo citar
Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivos: (i) caracterizar la condición física pre-academia, (ii) analizar diferencias por edad y sexo, y (iii) examinar las asociaciones entre el porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC%) y la condición física en cadetes de policía costarricenses. Participaron 393 cadetes (edad = 24,98 ± 4,65 años, peso = 72,78 ± 12,39 kg, talla = 1,70 ± 0,09 m). Los datos se estratificaron en grupos de 20-29 y 30-39 años y se analizaron por sexo y GC%. Las pruebas se realizaron entre 1 y 3 semanas durante el entrenamiento básico, evaluando composición corporal, fuerza de agarre, flexibilidad (S&R), salto vertical (VJ), agilidad (Illinois test), velocidad (30 m) y capacidad anaeróbica (300 m) y aeróbica (2,4 km). La condición física varió según el sexo (p < 0,05), excepto en IMC y S&R. En hombres, cada aumento del 1% en la grasa corporal (%) se asoció con una pérdida de +0,034 s en agilidad (p = 0,004), +0,025 s en 30 m-sprint (p = 0,000), -0,20 kg y -0,19 kg de fuerza de agarre (p = 0,010; p = 0,021), -0,64 cm en VJ (CMJ, p = 0,000) y -0,36 ml∙kg-1∙min-1 en VO2 máx (p = 0,000). En mujeres, se asoció con una pérdida de agilidad (+0,089 segundos, p = 0,000), VJ (CMJ = -0,39 cm, p = 0,000), esprint de 30 m (+0,046 segundos, p = 0,000), esprint de 300 m (+1,02 segundos; p = 0,000) y VO2 máx (-0,33 ml∙kg-1∙min-1, p = 0,000). Lo cadetes de policía mostraron una condición física inicial subóptima. La edad, sexo y grasa corporal (%) son factores clave que afectan su rendimiento.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2025 Jorge Cervantes-Sanabria, Gerald Camacho-Sánchez, Jessenia Hernández-Elizondo, Pedro Carazo-Vargas, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Isaura M. Castillo-Hernández, Alejandro Salicetti-Fonseca