Palavras-chave
energy availability
menstrual function
bone mineral density
appetite
eating disorders
disordered eating
weight loss
Triada de la atleta
disponibilidad energética
menstruación
densidad mineral ósea
apetito
trastornos de la alimentación
alimentación desordenada
pérdida de peso
Tríade da mulher atleta
disponibilidade energética
menstruação
densidade mineral óssea
apetite
transtornos alimentícios
alimentação desordenada
perda de peso
Como Citar
Resumo
A tríade da mulher atleta (tríade) é uma síndrome na qual a baixa disponibilidade de energia dispara uma ampla gama de mecanismos endócrinos para diminuir o gasto energético, que prejudica a saúde reprodutiva e esquelética. A disponibilidade energética é a quantidade de energia da dieta que sobra cada dia, depois do treinamento ou do exercício, para todas as demais funções fisiológicas. O tipo específico de mal funcionamento reprodutivo provocado pela baixa disponibilidade energética são os transtornos menstruais hipotalâmicos. Para assegurar-se de que as atletas afetadas recebam a atenção apropriada é necessário realizar provas endócrinas que servem para diagnosticar os transtornos mencionados mediante a exclusão de outros transtornos menstruais não associados com a tríade. A baixa disponibilidade energética prejudica a saúde esquelética devido ao desacoplamento da remodelação óssea, na qual a taxa de ressorção aumenta enquanto a taxa de formação de osso reduz. O resultado é uma perda progressiva de osso ou a incapacidade de acumular massa óssea, aumentando o risco de fraturas por estresse e de osteoporoses. A baixa disponibilidade energética tem sua origem em ao menos uma das seguintes três fontes: transtornos alimentícios do tipo restritivo, especialmente a anorexia nervosa; os esforços intencionais orientados à perda de peso corporal ou gordura corporal, para melhorar o rendimento esportivo ou a aparência; e a supressão inadvertida do apetite causada pelo exercício e pelas dietas com uma alto porcentagem de carboidratos. Para poder realizar uma intervenção eficaz com cada atleta é necessário conhecer a origem de sua baixa disponibilidade energética. A modificação chave da conduta para a prevenção e tratamento da tríade é o aumento da disponibilidade energética, seja através do aumento da ingestão energética na dieta, a redução no gasto energético por exercício, ou ambos. Portanto, são oferecidas algumas pautas para alcançar a disponibilidade energética correta.Referências
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