Palavras-chave
swimming
performance
freestyle
calentamiento
natación
rendimiento
estilo libre
aquecimento
natação
desempenho
estilo livre
Como Citar
Resumo
O propósito foi determinar o efeito do aquecimento ativo com diferentes intervalos de recuperação no desempenho esportivo, nas provas de 50 e 200 metros livres. O estudo contou com a participação de 17 atletas (idade 13,5 ± 2,18 anos), inscritos na Federação Costarriquenha de Esportes Aquáticos, com experiência de treinamento e competição de 4,47 ± 1,28 anos. Previamente à execução das provas de 50 e 200 metros livres, foram realizados 4 condicionamentos experimentais: controle (sem aquecimento); aquecimento (960 m) mais descanso de 20 min; aquecimento (960 m) mais descanso de 10 min; aquecimento (960 m) sem descanso. A ordem de execução das provas (50 e 200 metros livres) e a execução dos condicionamentos experimentais foram atribuídas de maneira aleatória. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da ANOVA de uma via de medidas repetidas, p < 0,05. Os resultados indicaram que não existiu diferença significativa no desempenho em uma prova de 50 m livres (F = 0,83, p = 0,48) e, tampouco, na prova de 200 m livres (F = 0,88, p= 0,46) ao realizar um aquecimento ativo em comparação a não o realizar. Não houve influência dos diferentes tempos de recuperação no desempenho em ambas as provas. Foram observados diferentes padrões de resposta individual aos condicionamentos experimentais. Conclui-se que, de modo grupal, em nadadores jovens com pouca experiência, realizar um aquecimento ativo prévio às provas de 50 e 200 metros livres, não melhora o desempenho. Recomenda-se que o treinador preste atenção na resposta individualizada para escolher o melhor protocolo (aquecimento ou não), buscando o aperfeiçoamento do desempenho esportivo de seus atletas.
Referências
Abad, C., Prado, M. L., Ugrinowitsch, C., Tricoli, V., y Barroso, R. (2011). Combination of general and specific warm-ups improves leg-press one repetition maximum compared with specific warm-up in trained individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(8), 2242-2245. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e8611b
Al-Nawaiseh, A., Albiero, A., y Bishop, P. (2013). Impact of different warmup procedures on a 50-yard swimming sprint. International Journal of Academic Research, 5(1), 44-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-1/A.8
Balilionis, G., Nepocatych, S., Ellis, C. M., Richardson, M. T., Neggers, Y. H., y Bishop, P. A. (2012). Effects of different types of warm-up on swimming performance, reaction time, and dive distance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(12), 3297-3303. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318248ad40
Bishop, D. (2003).Warm Up II: Performance Changes Following Active Warm Up and How to Structure the Warm Up. Sports medicine, 33(7), 483-498. doi: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333070-00002
Dalamitros, A. A., Vagios, A., Toubekis, A. G., Tsalis, G., Clemente-Suarez, V. J., y Manou, V. (2018). The effect of two additional dry-land active warm-up protocols on the 50-m front-crawl swimming performance. Human Movement, 19(3), 75-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.5114/hm.2018.76082
Grant, M. A., y Schempp, P. (2014). Elements of Success: Olympic Swimming Gold Medalists' Understanding of Their Competition-Day Routines. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 9(2), 287-306. doi: https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.9.2.287
Kaya, F., Erzeybek, M. S., Biçer, B., y Meral, T. (2017). Effects of in-water and dryland warm-ups on 50-meter freestyle performance in child swimmer.SHS Web of Conferences, 37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20173701047
Kelley, J. M., y Kaptchuk, T. J. (2010). Group analysis versus individual response: the inferential limits of randomized controlled trials. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 31(5), 423-428. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2010.07.003
McGowan, C. J., Pyne, D. B., Thompson, K. G., Raglin, J. S., Osborne, M., y Rattray, B. (2016). Competition day strategies to enhance sprint swimming performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 48(5S), 496-497. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000486492.95005.d4
McGowan, C. J., Pyne, D. B., Thompson, K. G., Raglin, J. S., Osborne, M., y Rattray, B. (2017). Elite sprint swimming performance is enhanced by completion of additional warm-up activities. Journal of sports sciences, 35(15), 1493-1499. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1223329
McGowan, C. J., Pyne, D. B., Thompson, K. G., y Rattray, B. (2015). Warm-up strategies for sport and exercise: mechanisms and applications. Sports medicine, 45(11), 1523-1546. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0376-x
Mitchell, J., y Huston, J. (1993). The effect of high‐and low‐intensity warm‐up on the physiological responses to a standardized swim and tethered swimming performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11(2), 159-165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419308729979
Neiva, H., Marques, M. C., Bacelar, L., Moínhos, N., Morouço, P. G., y Marinho, D. A. (2012a). The effect of warm up in short distance swimming performance. Annals of Research in Sport and Physical Activity, (3), 83-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7087_3_4
Neiva, H., Morouco, P., Pereira, F., y Marinho, D. (2012b). The effect of warm-up in 50 m swimming performance. Motricidade, 8(S1), 13-19. Recuperado de https://revistas.rcaap.pt/motricidade/article/view/173/157
Neiva, H., Marques, M. C., Barbosa, T. M., Izquierdo, M., y Marinho, D. A. (2014a). Warm-up and performance in competitive swimming. Sports medicine, 44(3), 319-330. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0117-y
Neiva, H., Marques, M. C., Fernandes, R. J., Viana, J. L., Barbosa, T. M., y Marinho, D. A. (2014b). Does warm-up have a beneficial effect on 100-m freestyle?.International journal of sports physiology and performance, 9(1), 145-150. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0345
Neiva, H., Marques, M. C., Barbosa, T. M., Izquierdo, M., Viana, J. L., Teixeira, A. M., y Marinho, D. A. (2015). The Effects of Different Warm-up Volumes on the 100-m Swimming Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(11), 3026-3036. doi:https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001141
Neiva, H., Marques, M. C., Barbosa, T. M., Izquierdo, M., Viana, J. L., y Marinho, D. A. (2017a). Effects of 10 min vs. 20 min passive rest after warm-up on 100 m freestyle time-trial performance: A randomized crossover study. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 20(1), 81-86. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.04.012
Neiva, H., Marques, M. C., Barbosa, T. M., Izquierdo, M., Viana, J. L., Teixeira, A. M., y Marinho, D. A. (2017b). Warm-up for sprint swimming: race-pace or aerobic stimulation? A randomized study. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(9), 2423-2431. doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001701
Nepocatych, S. (2009). Effect of different warm-ups and upper-body vibration on performance in Masters Swimmers. University of Alabama Libraries.
O'Hagan, C., y Borthwick, R. E. (2016). Land-based warm-up is inferior to water-based warm-up for 100m freestyle swimming performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(5S), 944. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000487827.52891.91
Pagaduan, J. C., Pojskić, H., Užičanin, E., y Babajić, F. (2012). Effect of various warm-up protocols on jump performance in college football players. Journal of human kinetics, 35(1), 127-132. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0086-5
Romney, N. C., y Nethery, V. (1993). The effects of swimming and dryland warm-ups on 100-yard freestyle performance in collegiate swimmers. Journal of Swimming Research, 9, 5-9. Recuperado de https://swimmingcoach.org/journal/archive.php
West, D. J., Dietzig, B. M., Bracken, R. M., Cunningham, D. J., Crewther, B. T., Cook, C. J., y Kilduff, L. P. (2013). Influence of post-warm-up recovery time on swim performance in international swimmers. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 16(2), 172-176. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.06.002
Wilkins, E. L., y Havenith, G. (2017). External heating garments used post-warm-up improve upper body power and elite sprint swimming performance. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 231(2), 91-101. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337116650322
Zochowski, T., Johnson, E., y Sleivert, G. G. (2007). Effects of varying post-warm-up recovery time on 200-m time-trial swim performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2(2), 201-211. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.2.201