Resumo
Desde a primeira publicação da declaração de consenso da Organização de Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte - Austrália ((ESSA, Exercise and Sports Science Australia) sobre diretrizes de exercícios para pessoas com câncer, tem ocorrido um crescimento exponencial nas pesquisas que avaliam o papel dos exercícios antes, durante e depois do tratamento do câncer. O objetivo deste relatório é usar as evidências científicas atuais com a experiência clínica e os princípios da ciência do exercício, para atualizar a declaração de consenso da ESSA sobre a prescrição de exercícios específica para o câncer. Esta declaração de consenso relata um resumo dos benefícios obtidos por meio de exercícios após o diagnóstico de câncer, bem como os pontos fortes e as limitações da evidência acumulada. Assim, propõe-se uma estrutura de prescrição de exercícios para permitir a aplicação de considerações específicas para o câncer na individualização, especificidade, segurança, viabilidade e progressão do exercício para todas as classes de pacientes. Considerações adicionais específicas para a prescrição de exercícios são fornecidas quando há doenças hematológicas, osteomusculares, sistêmicas, cardiovasculares, linfáticas, gastrointestinais, geniturinárias, neurológicas e preocupações relacionadas ao seu tratamento, bem como a presença crônica de comorbidades. Além disso, questões práticas específicas e barreiras à prescrição de exercícios são identificadas e discutidas. Embora seja verdade que o exercício multimodal de intensidade moderada a vigorosa seja apropriado para a maioria, não há uma prescrição definida ou dosagem semanal que possa ser considerada baseada em evidências para todos os pacientes com câncer. Há uma necessidade de prescrição de exercícios especificamente direcionada a essa população, garantindo o maior benefício (conforme definido pelo paciente individual) em curto e longo prazos, com baixo risco de danos.
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