Palabras clave
food insecurity
mental health
Latino ethnicity
obesidad
inseguridad alimentaria
salud mental
etnicidad latina
Cómo citar
Resumen
Objetivos: 1) Determinar la asociación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y el exceso de peso corporal entre los latinos en California, así como, si esta relación difiere según el género. 2) Examinar el papel del malestar psicológico como mediador en esta relación. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis transversal con las personas adultas que se autodefinieron como latinos en la Encuesta de salud de California en el 2014 (n = 3779). Usando la regresión logística, se examinaron las asociaciones de interés mientras se controlaron las covariables clave. Resultados: La inseguridad alimentaria se asoció positiva y significativamente con el exceso de peso corporal en las mujeres latinas, pero no así en los hombres latinos. El malestar psicológico se asoció positivamente con la inseguridad alimentaria, pero no con el exceso de peso corporal. Conclusiones: El distrés psicológico no parece ser un mediador en la asociación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y el exceso de peso en esta muestra. Se necesitan más estudios para comprender completamente la relación entre la salud mental, el exceso de peso y la inseguridad alimentaria.
Citas
Adam, T. C., & Epel, E. S. (2007). Stress, eating and the reward system. Physiology & Behavior, 91(4), 449–458.
Adams, E. J., Grummer-Strawn, L., & Chavez, G. (2003). Food insecurity is associated with increased risk of obesity in California women. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(4), 1070–1074.
Aguirre, P. (2000). Socioanthropological Aspects of Obesity in Poverty. In Obesity and Poverty:a new public health challenge. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization.
Azarbad, L., & Gonder-Frederick, L. (2010). Obesity in Women, 33(2), 423–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2010.01.003.
Bay-Cheng, L. Y., Zucker, A. N., Stewart, A. J., & Pomerleau, C. S. (2002). Linking Femininity, Weight Concern, and Mental Health among Latina, Black, and White Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00041
Becerra, B. J., Sis-Medina, R. C., Reyes, A., & Becerra, M. B. (2015). Association Between Food Insecurity and Serious Psychological Distress Among Hispanic Adults Living in Poverty. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150334
Blumberg, S. J., Bialostosky, K., Hamilton, W. L., & Briefel, R. R. (1999). The effectiveness of a short form of the Household Food Security Scale. American Journal of Public Health, 89(8), 1231–1234. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.8.1231
Bowie, J. V., Juon, H.-S., Rodriguez, E. M., & Cho, J. (2006). Factors Associated With Overweight and Obesity Among Mexican Americans and Central Americans: Results From the 2001 California Health Interview Survey. Preventing Chronic Disease, 4(1). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1832130/
Castañeda, S. F., Buelna, C., Giacinto, R. E., Gallo, L. C., Sotres-Alvarez, D., Gonzalez, P., Fortmann, A., Wassertheil-Smoller, S., Gellman, M., Giachello, A., Talavera, G. A. (2016). Cardiovascular disease risk factors and psychological distress among Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Preventive Medicine, 87, 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.032
Coleman-Jensen, A., Gregory, C., & Singh, A. (2014). Household Food Security in the United States in 2013. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2504067
De Wit, L. M., Fokkema, M., van Straten, A., Lamers, F., Cuijpers, P., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2010). Depressive and anxiety disorders and the association with obesity, physical, and social activities. Depression and Anxiety, 27(11), 1057–1065. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20738
Flegal, K. M., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Ogden, C. L. (2012). Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA, 307(5), 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.39
Food Research & Action Center. (2015). Fighting Obesity and Hunger. Retrieved from http://frac.org/initiatives/hunger-and-obesity/
Franklin, B., Jones, A., Love, D., Puckett, S., Macklin, J., & White-Means, S. (2012). Exploring mediators of food insecurity and obesity: A review of recent literature. Journal of Community Health, 37(1), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-011-9420-4
Gortmaker, S. L., Must, A., Perrin, J. M., Sobol, A. M., & Dietz, W. H. (1993). Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. The New England Journal of Medicine, 329(14), 1008–1012. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199309303291406
Gutiérrez-Fisac, J. L. (1998). Obesidad y nivel socioeconómico. Medicina Clínica, 110(9), 347–355.
Hadley, C., & Patil, C. L. (2006). Food insecurity in rural Tanzania is associated with maternal anxiety and depression. American Journal of Human Biology: The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council, 18(3), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20505
Heflin, C. M., Siefert, K., & Williams, D. R. (2005). Food insufficiency and women’s mental health: Findings from a 3-year panel of welfare recipients. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 61(9), 1971–1982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.014
Heo, M., Pietrobelli, A., Fontaine, K. R., Sirey, J. A., Faith, M. S. (2005). Depressive mood and obesity in US adults: Comparison and moderation by sex, age, and race. International Journal of Obesity, 30(3), 513–519. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803122
Institute of Medicine. (2011). Hunger and Obesity: Understanding a Food Insecurity Paradigm: Workshop Summary. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209372/
Ivers, L. C., Cullen, K. A. (2011). Food insecurity: Special considerations for women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94(6), 1740S-1744S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.012617
Jáuregui Lobera, I., M Plasencia, L., Rivas Fernández, M., Rodríguez Marcos, L., Gutiérrez Ferrer, N. (2008). Percepción de la obesidad y cultura. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 23(6), 624–624.
Jones, A. D. (2017). Food Insecurity and Mental Health Status: A Global Analysis of 149 Countries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(2), 264–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.04.008
Kac, G., Pérez-Escamilla, R., Moura da Silva, A., Schlussel, M. (2013). Household food insecurity and excess weight/obesity among Brazilian women and children: A life-course-approach. 29(2), 219–225.
Kaiser, L., Chaidez, V., Algert, S., Horowitz, M., Martin, A., Mendoza, C., Neelon, M., Ginsburg, D. C. (2015). Food resource management education with SNAP participation improves food security. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47(4), 374-378.
Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S., Walters, E., Zaslavsky, A. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(06), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291702006074
Kodjebacheva, G., Kruger, D. J., Rybarczyk, G., & Cupal, S. (2015). Racial/ethnic and gender differences in the association between depressive symptoms and higher body mass index. Journal of Public Health, 37(3), 419–426. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdu062
Kuczmarski, M. F., Kuczmarski, R. J., & Najjar, M. (2001). Effects of Age on Validity of Self-Reported Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00008-6
Lewis-Fernández, R., Das, A. K., Alfonso, C., Weissman, M. M., & Olfson, M. (2005). Depression in US Hispanics: Diagnostic and Management Considerations in Family Practice. The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 18(4), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.18.4.282
Lockwood, C. M., DeFrancesco, C. A., Elliot, D. L., Beresford, S. A. A., & Toobert, D. J. (2010). Mediation analyses: Applications in nutrition research and reading the literature. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 110(5), 753–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.02.005
Lopez, E., Blix, G. G., & Blix, A. G. (1995). Body image of Latinas compared to body image of non-Latina White women. Health Values: The Journal of Health Behavior, Education & Promotion, 19(6), 3–10.
Luppino, F. S., de Wit, L. M., Bouvy, P. F., Stijnen, T., Cuijpers, P., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Zitman, F. G. (2010). Overweight, obesity, and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(3), 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2
Martínez Jaikel, T. (2017). Life course perspective and body weight discrimination: An integrated approach to understand the relationship between obesity and food insecurity in women. San Pedro, Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica. Retrieved from http://biblioteca.ccp.ucr.ac.cr/handle/123456789/1586
Martinez-Jaikel, T., & Frongillo, E. (2016). Primary role of discouragement in co-existence of food insecurity and excess weight in Costa Rican women. Journal of Hunger and Environmental Nutrition, 11(2):210–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2016.1157546.
National Center for Health and Statistics (US). (2019). Health, United States, 2018.
Hyattsville, MD. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31944640
Onyike, C. U., Crum, R. M., Lee, H. B., Lyketsos, C. G., & Eaton, W. W. (2003). Is Obesity Associated with Major Depression? Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. American Journal of Epidemiology, 158(12), 1139–1147. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg275
Pan, A., Sun, Q., Czernichow, S., Kivimaki, M., Okereke, O. I., Lucas, M., Manson, J. E., Ascherio, A., Hu, F. B. (2012). Bidirectional association between depression and obesity in middle-aged and older women. International Journal of Obesity, 36(4), 595–602. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.111
Pan, L., Sherry, B., Njai, R., & Blanck, H. M. (2012). Food Insecurity Is Associated with Obesity among US Adults in 12 States. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(9), 1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.011
Peña, M., Bacallao, J., Pan American Health Organization, & Pan American Sanitary Bureau. (2000). Obesity and poverty: A new public health challenge. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization : Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization.
Prochaska, J. J., Sung, H.-Y., Max, W., Shi, Y., & Ong, M. (2012). Validity Study of the K6 Scale as a Measure of Moderate Mental Distress based on Mental Health Treatment Need and Utilization. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 21(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1349
Rabbit, M., Coleman-Jensen, A., Gregory, C., & Singh, A. (2016). Food Security Among Hispanic Adults in the United States, 2011-2014. United States Department of Agriculture, 153. Retrieved from https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2016/july/food-insecurity-and-hispanic-diversity/
Ramirez, R. R., & De La Cruz, G. P. (2003). The Hispanic population in the united states: March 2002. Jeffersonville, United States of America: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Economics and Statistics Administration.
Rowland, M. L. (1990). Self-reported weight and height. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 52(6), 1125–1133.
Smith, T. M., Colón-Ramos, U., Pinard, C. A., & Yaroch, A. L. (2016). Household food insecurity as a determinant of overweight and obesity among low-income Hispanic subgroups: Data from the 2011–2012 California Health Interview Survey. Appetite, 97, 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.11.009
Sobal, J., & Stunkard, A. J. (1989). Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 105(2), 260–275.
Stata Corp,L.P. (2016). STATA Statistical Software (Version 14.1).
Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A., & Sinha, R. (2013). The Effects of Stress on Physical Activity and Exercise. Sports Medicine, 44(1), 81–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0090-5
Townsend, M. S., Peerson, J., Love, B., Achterberg, C., & Murphy, S. P. (2001). Food insecurity is positively related to overweight in women. The Journal of Nutrition, 131(6), 1738–1745.
UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. (2012). California Health Interview Survey. Retrieved from https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/chis/Pages/default.aspx
United Nations Development Program. (2015). Gender Inequality Index (GII) | Human Development Reports. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/gender-inequality-index-gii
United States Census. (2018). About Hispanic Origin. The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html
United States Department of Agriculture. (2014). Guide to Measuring Household Food Security [Revised 2000]. Retrieved from http://www.fns.usda.gov/guide-measuring-household-food-security-revised-2000
Whitaker, R. C., Phillips, S. M., & Orzol, S. M. (2006). Food insecurity and the risks of depression and anxiety in mothers and behavior problems in their preschool-aged children. Pediatrics, 118(3), 859-868. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0239
World Health Organization. (2015). Obesity and overweight. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
World Health Organization. (2016). Gender and women’s mental health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/en/