Resumo
Diferentes estudios indicaron que el aprendizaje de la matemática se asocia con los recursos cognitivos que dispone el estudiantado para afrontar su construcción. Sin embargo, la relación específica de procesos y habilidades cognitivas con la capacidad de cálculo de operaciones de división ha sido escasamente analizada. El objetivo de este artículo empírico es analizar la relación de la capacidad de cálculo de operaciones de división con el rendimiento en memoria de trabajo, inhibición e inteligencia fluida. La muestra fue seleccionada por disponibilidad y estuvo integrada por 135 estudiantes de 4º año del sistema educativo argentino (participantes de 9 y 10 años de edad). Los mismos fueron evaluados dentro de los establecimientos educativos a lo que asistían, durante el horario habitual de clases, a través de diferentes tareas que permitían la medición de tales variables. Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes con distinto nivel de desempeño en división diferían entre sí en todas las variables cognitivas estudiadas (a excepción de la inhibición). Este hallazgo muestra que la inteligencia fluida y memoria de trabajo se relacionan con el conocimiento de la división en estudiantes de 4º año de la escolaridad primaria. Asimismo, sugiere que el aprendizaje de esta operación podría facilitarse al considerar las diferencias individuales en estos factores cognitivos durante el diseño y selección de los materiales didácticos y estrategias pedagógicas a utilizar para su enseñanzaReferências
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