Palabras clave
metabolism
obesity
body temperature
exercise physiology
termoregulación
metabolismo
obesidad
temperatura corporal
fisiología del ejercicio
Cómo citar
Resumen
Esta revisión tiene como objetivo presentar avances recientes en la comprensión de los mecanismos fisiológicos de la termoregulación en mamíferos. Los termoreceptores cutáneos y profundos son neuronas polimodales que detectan estímulos dolorosos, mecánicos y químicos, además de los térmicos. La información detectada por los receptores es enviada por vías aferentes hasta la médula espinal, donde la información térmica es filtrada y subsecuentemente enviada a puntos de relevo en el mesencéfalo y finalmente al centro integrador en el hipotálamo. El centro integrador hipotalámico organiza su respuesta a los estímulos térmicos a través de vías eferentes con relevos en el tallo cerebral y la médula espinal. Estas vías nerviosas alcanzan finalmente a los órganos efectores, que son capaces de conservar o disipar la energía térmica, de manera que la temperatura corporal permanece constante. En la actualidad, cada vez existe más evidencia que sugiere un alto grado de integración fisiológica entre la termorregulación, el balance energético y la actividad metabólica, lo que hace pensar en la manipulación del arco reflejo termoregulatorio como una estrategia para tratar problemas metabólicos o influenciar la composición corporal. Los recientes descubrimientos también han traído consigo nuevos interrogantes que se exponen en la parte final de esta revisión.
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