Resumen
A 10-week walking intervention was designed to examine how physical activity affects self-regulation and self-efficacy in sedentary employees. The intervention was completed by 68 participants randomly assigned to three groups: intermittent walking, continuous walking, or control. Self-regulation, self-efficacy and walking behavior were measured at baseline, week-6, and week-11. Walking activity significantly (p<.05) increased for the continuous walking group from baseline to week-6 (p=.033), the percentage of change was significantly higher compared to the control group from baseline to week-11 (p=0.042). Significant improvements on self-regulation were observed with the continuous group from baseline to week-6 and week-11 (p<0.05). However, self-efficacy decreased from baseline to week-6 (p=.047) and week-11 (p=.008) for all groups. Sedentary employees may benefit more from a continuous walking program due to enhanced self-regulatory skills. Intermittent walking activity may be also a feasible approach to reduce sedentary behavior, however more research is needed to test whether or not sedentary employees can meet daily physical activity recommendations. It is also important to review in future research, the link between physical activity and self-efficacy.
Citas
Ashford, S., Edmunds, J., & French, D. P. (2010). What is the best way to change self-efficacy to promote lifestyle and recreational physical activity? A systematic review with meta-analysis. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15(2), 265-288. doi: https://doi.org/10.1348/135910709X461752
Bandura, A. (1991). Social Cognitive Theory of Self-Regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processess, 50(2), 248-287. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman.
Barkley, J. E., Rebold, M., Carnes, A., Glickman, E. L., & Kobak, M. (2014). The Validity of a Commercially-available, Low-cost Accelerometer During Treadmill Exercise. Paper presented at the 61st Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Orlando, FL.
Bassett, D. R., Jr., Freedson, P., & Kozey, S. (2010). Medical hazards of prolonged sitting. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 38(3), 101-102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181e373ee
Bravata, D. M., Smith-Spangler, C., Sundaram, V., Gienger, A. L., Lin, N., Lewis, R., ... Sirard, J. R. (2007). Using pedometers to increase physical activity and improve health: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298(19), 2296-2304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.19.2296
Buckley, J., Cohen, J. D., Kramer, A. F., McAuley, E., & Mullen, S. P. (2014). Cognitive control in the self-regulation of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 747. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00747
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2015). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/factsheets/brfss.htm
Dishman, R. K., Motl, R. W., Sallis, J. F., Dunn, A. L., Birnbaum, A. S., Welk, G. J., ... Jobe, J. B. (2005). Self-Management Strategies Mediate Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29(1), 10-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.03.012
Dunstan, D. W., Howard, B., Healy, G. N., & Owen, N. (2012). Too much sitting--a health hazard. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 97(3), 368-376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.020
Fletcher, G. M., Behrens, T. K., & Domina, L. (2008). Barriers and enabling factors for work-site physical activity programs: a qualitative examination. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 5(3), 418-429. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.3.418
Gell, N. M., & Wadsworth, D. D. (2014). How do they do it: working women meeting physical activity recommendations. American Journal of Health Behavior, 38(2), 208-217. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4043126/
Hultquist, C. N., Albright, C., & Thompson, D. L. (2005). Comparison of walking recommendations in previously inactive women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(4), 676-683. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15809569
Iwasaki, Y., Honda, S., Kaneko, S., Kurishima, K., Honda, A., Kakinuma, A., & Jahng, D. (2017). Exercise Self-Efficacy as a Mediator between Goal-Setting and Physical Activity: Developing the Workplace as a Setting for Promoting Physical Activity. Safety and Health at Work, 8(1), 94-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2016.08.004
Jakicic, J. M., Winters, C., Lang, W., & Wing, R. R. (1999). Effects of intermittent exercise and use of home exercise equipment on adherence, weight loss, and fitness in overweight women: a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282(16), 1554-1560. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.16.1554
Jung, M. E., & Brawley, L. R. (2013). Concurrent self-regulatory efficacy as a mediator of the goal: Exercise behaviour relationship. Journal of Health Psychology, 18(5), 601-611. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105313479238
Kaewthummanukul, T., & Brown, K. C. (2006). Determinants of employee participation in physical activity: critical review of the literature. AAOHN Journal, 54(6), 249-261. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/216507990605400602
Kang, M., Marshall, S. J., Barreira, T. V., & Lee, J. O. (2009). Effect of pedometer-based physical activity interventions: a meta-analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(3), 648-655. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599604
Karoly, P. (1993). Mechanisms of self-regulation: a systems review. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 44, 23-52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000323
Lauzon, N., Chan, C. B., Myers, A. M., & Tudor-Locke, C. (2008). Participant experiences in a workplace pedometer-based physical activity program. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 5(5), 675-687. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.5.675
McAuley, E., & Blissmer, B. (2000). Self-efficacy determinants and consequences of physical activity. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 28(2), 85-88. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10902091
Michie, S., Abraham, C., Whittington, C., McAteer, J., & Gupta, S. (2009). Effective techniques in healthy eating and physical activity interventions: a meta-regression. Health Psychology, 28(6), 690-701. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016136
Ogilvie, D., Foster, C. E., Rothnie, H., Cavill, N., Hamilton, V., Fitzsimons, C. F., ... Scottish Physical Activity Research, C. (2007). Interventions to promote walking: systematic review. British Medical Journal, 334(7605), 1204-1214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39198.722720.BE
Oman, R. F., & King, A. C. (1998). Predicting the adoption and maintenance of exercise participation using self-efficacy and previous exercise participation rates. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12(3), 154-161. doi: https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.3.154
Owen, N., Healy, G. N., Howard, B., & Dunstan, D. W. (2012). Too Much Sitting: Health Risks of Sedentary Behaviour and Opportunities for Change. Research Digest, 13(3). Retrieved from https://www.apcointl.org/doc/conference-documents/personnel-human-factor/519-too-much-sitting-health-risks-of-sedentary-behavior-and-opportunities-for-change/file.html
Parry, S., Straker, L., Gilson, N. D., & Smith, A. J. (2013). Participatory workplace interventions can reduce sedentary time for office workers--a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One, 8(11), e78957. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078957
Pelssers, J., Delecluse, C., Opdenacker, J., Kennis, E., Van Roie, E., & Boen, F. (2013). "Every step counts!": effects of a structured walking intervention in a community-based senior organization. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 21(2), 167-185. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.21.2.167
Petosa, S. (1993). Use of social cognitive theory to explain exercise behavior among adults (Doctoral Dissertation). Ohio State University.
Prince, S. A., Saunders, T. J., Gresty, K., & Reid, R. D. (2014). A comparison of the effectiveness of physical activity and sedentary behaviour interventions in reducing sedentary time in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Obesity Reviews, 15(11), 905-919. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12215
Rodriguez-Hernandez, M. G., & Wadsworth, D. W. (2019). The effect of 2 walking programs on aerobic fitness, body composition, and physical activity in sedentary office employees. PLoS One, 14(1), e0210447. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210447
Sallis, J. F., Haskell, W. L., Fortmann, S. P., Vranizan, K. M., Taylor, C. B., & Solomon, D. S. (1986). Predictors of adoption and maintenance of physical activity in a community sample. Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 331-341. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(86)90001-0
Sallis, J. F., Pinski, R. B., Grossman, R. M., Patterson, T. L., & Nader, P. R. (1988). The development of self-efficacy scales for health related diet and exercise behaviors. Health Education Research, 3(3), 283-292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/her/3.3.283
Serwe, K. M., Swartz, A. M., Hart, T. L., & Strath, S. J. (2011). Effectiveness of long and short bout walking on increasing physical activity in women. Journal of Women's Health, 20(2), 247-253. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2010.2019
Sherwood, N. E., & Jeffery, R. W. (2000). The behavioral determinants of exercise: implications for physical activity interventions. Annual Review of Nutrition, 20, 21-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.21
Speck, B. J., & Looney, S. W. (2001). Effects of a minimal intervention to increase physical activity in women: daily activity records. Nursing Research, 50(6), 374-378. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11725940
Strachan, S. M., Woodgate, J., Brawley, L. R., & Tse, A. (2005). The relationship of self efficacy and self-identity to long-term maintenance of vigorous physical activity. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 10, 98-112. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.2005.tb00006.x
Taylor, A. H., Cable, N. T., Faulkner, G., Hillsdon, M., Narici, M., & Van Der Bij, A. K. (2004). Physical activity and older adults: a review of health benefits and the effectiveness of interventions. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(8), 703-725. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410410001712421
Taylor, W. C. (2011). Prolonged Sitting and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports, 5(4), 350-357. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12170-011-0174-4
Troiano, R. P., Berrigan, D., Dodd, K. W., Masse, L. C., Tilert, T., & McDowell, M. (2008). Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(1), 181-188. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3
Tucker, P., & Gilliland, J. (2007). The effect of season and weather on physical activity: a systematic review. Public Health, 121(12), 909-922. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2007.04.009
Wadsworth, D. D., & Hallam, J. S. (2010). Effect of a web site intervention on physical activity of college females. American Journal of Health Behavior, 34(1), 60-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.34.1.8
Williams, D. M., Matthews, C. E., Rutt, C., Napolitano, M. A., & Marcus, B. H. (2008). Interventions to increase walking behavior. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(7 Suppl), S567-573. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c7006
Williams, S. L., & French, D. P. (2011). What are the most effective intervention techniques for changing physical activity self-efficacy and physical activity behaviour--and are they the same? Health Education Research, 26(2), 308-322. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyr005
Williamson, M. L., Rebold, M., Carnes, A., Glickman, E. L., & Barkley, J. E. (2014). The Validity of a Low-cost Accelerometer During Free-living Physical activity. Paper presented at the 61st Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Orlando, FL.