Palabras clave
ejercicio aeróbico
actividad física
sprint
treinamento
exercícios aeróbicos
atividade física
sprint
Cómo citar
Resumen
Se sabe que el entrenamiento de sprint por intervalos (SIT) mejora el desempeño aeróbico, así como los marcadores de salud y aptitud física en la población no atlética. Sin embargo, no existe información suficiente sobre el desempeño cuando se interrumpe el SIT. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar las alteraciones en el proceso de desentrenamiento de la evolución de la aptitud física adaptativa causadas por el entrenamiento de sprint por intervalos de corta duración. El diseño general del estudio se clasificó como antes del SIT, período de entrenamiento, después del SIT y medidas del período de desentrenamiento. Los sujetos (n=26) completaron las mediciones de base de la prueba de carrera de 20 m y después fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en grupos de entrenamiento y de control. El grupo de control mantuvo su rutina diaria y el grupo de entrenamiento realizó el SIT durante 4 semanas. La prueba de carrera de 20 m fue aplicada antes y después del entrenamiento y en las semanas 4ª y 8ª del desentrenamiento. Después del período de entrenamiento, el desempeño aeróbico aumentó en el grupo de entrenamiento (p<0.05). Además, los aumentos del desempeño aeróbico se mantuvieron durante las 4 semanas del desentrenamiento (p<0.05). Pero los aumentos de desempeño desaparecieron en la 8ª semana del desentrenamiento (p>0.05). Hacer una pausa en el programa de ejercicios por más de 4 semanas en individuos jóvenes saludables puede hacer que los efectos positivos del SIT en el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) desaparezcan. Los participantes en el SIT no deben hacer una pausa en el ejercicio por más de 4 semanas para mantener la ganancia aeróbica.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2024 Zubeyde Aslankeser, Cebrail Altinsoy