Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud ISSN Impreso: 1409-0724 ISSN electrónico: 1659-4436

OAI: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/pem/oai
Ponencia de Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) sobre el ejercicio para personas con esclerosis múltiple leve o moderada
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Palabras clave

disabilities
training
multiple sclerosis
Australia
discapacidad
entrenamiento
esclerosis múltiple
Australia
deficiência
treinamento
esclerose múltipla
Austrália

Cómo citar

Hoang, P. D., Lord, S., Gandevia, S., & Menant, J. (2024). Ponencia de Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) sobre el ejercicio para personas con esclerosis múltiple leve o moderada. Pensar En Movimiento: Revista De Ciencias Del Ejercicio Y La Salud, 22(2), e62226. https://doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v22i2.62226

Resumen

Objetivos. La esclerosis múltiple (EM), la condición neurológica crónica y progresiva del sistema nervioso central más común, afecta a 26 000 adultos australianos. El entrenamiento en ejercicio físico tiene efectos beneficiosos sobre los impedimentos relacionados con la EM, entre ellos la reducción de fuerza muscular, la baja capacidad aeróbica y la movilidad reducida y, por consiguiente, puede mejorar la calidad de vida. La presente ponencia ofrece recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para la prescripción de ejercicio y la administración de entrenamiento físico para personas con EM con discapacidad leve a moderada. Diseño y métodos. Síntesis de obras publicadas dentro del campo del entrenamiento físico en EM. Resultados. El ejercicio ofrece muchos beneficios para las personas con EM. Hay fuertes evidencias de que el entrenamiento de resistencia y aeróbico, efectuado de 2 a 3 veces por semana a una intensidad moderada, es seguro y puede mejorar la fuerza muscular, la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, el equilibrio, la fatiga, la capacidad funcional, la movilidad y la calidad de vida en las personas con EM con discapacidad leve a moderada (Escala Expandida de Estatus de Discapacidad, EDSS por sus siglas en inglés, ≤ 6.5). Sin embargo, la evidencia para aquellas personas que tienen incapacidad severa (EDSS > 6.5) es menos clara. Los efectos del ejercicio sobre la patogénesis de EM, las estructuras nerviosas centrales y otros resultados, tales como la depresión y el impedimento cognitivo no han sido investigados adecuadamente. También, se necesitan urgentemente intervenciones de ejercicio eficaces para mejorar el equilibrio y las contracturas de articulaciones y reducir las caídas en personas con EM, así como investigaciones sobre los efectos a largo plazo (≥ 1 año) del entrenamiento en ejercicio. Conclusiones. Los ejercicios de resistencia y de entrenamiento aeróbico son eficaces para aliviar algunos signos característicos y síntomas en EM, y deben ir suplementados por ejercicios de equilibrio para prevenir caídas. Los programas de entrenamiento en ejercicio deben ser prescritos y administrados por profesionales calificados en el ejercicio. Es importante reconocer y dar cabida a complicaciones asociadas con el ejercicio, tales como fatiga y sensibilidad cardíaca.

https://doi.org/10.15517/pensarmov.v22i2.62226
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Citas

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