Palabras clave
performance
cognition
balance
habilidad motora
rendimiento
cognición
equilibrio
habilidade motora
desempenho
cognição
equilíbrio
Cómo citar
Resumen
El rendimiento exitoso en cada deporte requiere una alta capacidad en diversas características, incluidas las habilidades motrices y perceptivo-cognitivas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el equilibrio y la agilidad en atletas de varias ramas deportivas, para descubrir cómo se relacionan las funciones cognitivas con estos parámetros. En este estudio prospectivo-descriptivo, se incluyeron 73 individuos con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 30 años. En la evaluación de la cognición se utilizaron la Escala de Evaluación Cognitiva de Montreal, la Prueba d2 de Atención y un Dispositivo Temporizador de Anticipación de Bassin. Por su parte, el Prokin-TecnoBody se utilizó para medir las habilidades de equilibrio y el Test de Agilidad de Illinois (TAI) se utilizó para la agilidad. Los tiempos de TAI mostraron correlaciones débiles positivas tanto con la puntuación de error absoluto (EA) a 8mph (r = 0.260, p = .040) como con la puntuación de equilibrio mediolateral (ML [r = 0.255, p = .043]). Si bien hubo una correlación débil negativa entre EA a 3 mph y la puntuación anteroposterior del equilibrio (r = -0.267, p = .035), se encontró una correlación débil positiva entre EA a 8 mph y ML del equilibrio (r = 0.253, p = .046). Se encontró que los puntajes del TAI del grupo inactivo fueron significativamente más bajos que los de los atletas (p = .000). Según EA a 3 mph, había diferencias significativas entre los tenistas, por una parte, y los inactivos y los jugadores de voleibol, por otra (p = .008, p = .002, respectivamente). Cuando se comparó el EA a 8 mph, la única diferencia estadísticamente significativa fue entre tenistas e inactivos (p = .008). En conclusión, este estudio muestra cómo las funciones cognitivas, en particular el tiempo de anticipación de coincidencias, se correlacionan con factores esenciales del rendimiento físico como la agilidad y el equilibrio en diferentes ramas deportivas, lo que sugiere que, al mejorar las habilidades cognitivas, también lo haría el rendimiento atlético general e informar las estrategias de entrenamiento mental en los deportes. Se recomienda que las futuras investigaciones en ciencias del deporte se centren en mejorar el tiempo de anticipación de coincidencias mediante programas de entrenamiento específicos.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2024 Dilara Özen Oruk, Kılıçhan Bayar, Özcan Saygın, Banu Bayar