Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if heart rate (HR), perceived effort (PE), and Ad Libitum work (ALW) are influenced by the intensity of the music. Some instructors perceive that the louder the music, the better the performance or effort. Meanwhile, the intensity music may cause temporary or permanent auditory injury. We analyzed the influence that music has on the physical performance of individuals who exercise on cycle ergometer music during 16 minutes under certain conditions: Individually selected motivational music at 100-130 beats per minute (bpm) with 75 (M75), 95 (M95) decibels (dB) or one session without music (NM). No significant differences among treatments were found for HR (182.8±15.80, 186.5±13.41, and 186±13.38 ppm, f= .621, Sig= .545), PE (6.75±2.20, 7.3±2, 7.5±1.9, f= .140, Sig= .870), or ALW (106±11.98, 113.2±12.30, 109.6±20.30 KJ, f= 2.41, Sig= .109) for SM, M75, and M95, respectively. No significant interactions between treatments (NM, M75 and M95) and measurement at the 8 and 16 minutes (T1 and T2) (p>0.05), furthermore, there were significant differences between measurements (f= 71.01, Sig= .001; f= 106.3, Sig= .001, f= 42.23, Sig= .001, for NM, M75, and M95, respectively), which means that independently of the intensity, the subjects performed more work in the second half (T2 [8:01 minute to 16:00]) than in the first (T1 [0:00 minute to 8:00]).References
Adams, R. (abril, 1999). Revised physical activity readiness questionnaire. Canadian Family Physician, 45, 992-995-1004-1005.
Aragón-Vargas, L., & Marín-Hernández, J. (november-december, 2002). Practical Applications of Science: A Critical Look at Music in Fitness. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 6(6), 18-23.
Bauldoff, G., Hoffman, L., Zullo, T., & Sciurba, F. (september, 2002). Exercise maintenance following pulmonary rehabilitation: effect of distractive stimuli. Chest, 122(3), 948-954.
Becker, N., Chambliss, C., Marsh, C., & Montemayor, R. (1995). Effects of mellow and frenetic music and stimulating and relaxing scents on walking by seniors. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 80(2), 411-415.
Bernardi, L., Porta, C., & Sleight, P. (2006). Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory changes induced by different types of music in musicians and non-musicians: The importance of silence. Heart, 92(4), 445-452. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2005.064600
Bishop, D., Karageorghis, C., & Kinrade, N. (2009). Effects of musically-Induced Emotions on choice reaction time performance. The Sports Psychologist, 23(1), 1-19.
Borg, G. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14(5), 337-381.
Chtourou, H., Jarraya, M., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O., & Souissi, N. (2012). The effects of music during warm-up on aerobic performances of young sprinters. Science and Sports, 27, e85-e88. doi: 10.1016/j.scispo.2012.02.006
Elliott, D., Carr, S., & Orme, D. (2005). The effect of motivational music on sub-maximal exercise. European Journal of Sport Science, 5(2), 97-106. doi: 10.1080/17461390500171310
Elliott, D. (2007). Music during exercise: Does tempo influence psychophysical responses Recuperado de? http://philica.com/display_article.php?article_id=110
Ferguson, A., Carbonneau, M., & Chambliss, C. (june, 1994). Effects of positive and negative music on performance of karate drill. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 78 (3c), 1217-1218. doi: 10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1217
Field, H., & Solie, J. (2007). Introduction to Agricultural Engineering Technology. A problem solving approach. Oklahoma, USA: Springer.
Gfeller, K. (1988). Musical components and styles preferred by young adults for aerobic fitness activities. Journal of Music Therapy, 25, 28-43.
Hernández, J. y Aragón, V. (2001). Intensidad de la música: Efecto sobre la frecuencia cardíaca y el esfuerzo percibido durante la actividad física. Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 1(2), 38-42.
Karageorghis, C., Mouzourides, D., Priest, D.L., Sasso, T., Morrish, D., & Walley, C. (february, 2009). Psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(1), 18-36.
Karageorghis, C., Terry, P., & Lane, A. (1999). Development and initial validation of an instrument to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise and sport: The Brunel Music Rating Inventory. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(9), 713-724. doi: 10.1080/026404199365579
Karageorghis, C, Jones, L., & Stuart, D. (2008). Psychological effects of music tempi during exercise. International Journal of Sport Medicine, 29(7), 613-619. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-989266
Karageorghis, C., Jones, L., Priest, D., Akers, R., Clarke, A., & Perry, J.M.,…Lim, H. (2011). Revisiting the relationship between exercise heart rate and music tempo preference. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(2), 274-284. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2011.10599755
Lane, A., Davis, P., & Devonport, T. (2012). Effects of music interventions on emotional states and running performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 10, 400-407.
Macdougall, R. (september, 1902). The relation of auditory rhythm to nervous discharge. Psychology Review, 9(5), 460-480. doi: 10.1037/h0073901
MacDougall, J., Wenger, H., & Green, H. (1991). Physiological testing of the high-performance athlete. 2nd Edition. Human Kinetics Publishers Champaing, IL: pp 143-145.
Mohammadzadeh, H., Tartibiyan, B., & Ahmadi, A. (2008). The effects of music on the perceived exertion rate and performance of trained and untrained individuals during progressive exercise. Physical Education and Sport, 6(1), 67-74.
Namakura, P., Pereira, G., Papini, C., Nakamura, F., & Kokubun, E. (2010). Effects of preferred and nonpreferred music on continuous cycling exercise performance. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 110(1), 257-264. doi: 10.2466/pms.110.1.257-264
Nikbakhsh, R., & Zafari, A. (2012). Heart rate responses to preferred music during progressive cycling. Annals of Biological Research, 3(8), 4077-4081.
Savitha, D., Mallikarjuna, R., & Rao, C. (2010). Effect of different musical tempo on post-exercise recovery in young adults. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 54(1), 32-36.
Schie, N., Steward, A., Becker, P., & Rogers, G. (2008). Effect of music on submaximal cycling. South African Journal of Sports Medicine, 20(1), 28-31. (Ir a artículo)
Szabo, A., Balogh, L., Gáspár, Z., Váczi, M., & Bosze, J. (2009). The effecs of fast- and slow- tempo music on recreational basketball training. International Quarterly of Sport Science, 2, 1-13.
Szabo, A., & Hoban, L. (2004). Psychological Effects of fast- and slow-tempo music played during volleyball training in a national league team. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 16(2), 39-48.
Waard, D., Edlinger, K., & Brookuis, K. (2011). Effects of listening to music, and of using a handheld and handsfree telephone in cycling behaviour. Transporttion Reserch Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 14(6), 626-637. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2011.07.001
Yanguas, J. (2006). Influencia de la música en el rendimiento deportivo. Apunts Medicina de L’Esport, 41(152), 155-165.
van der Vlist, B., Bartneck, C., & Mäueler, S. (june, 2011). moBeat: Using interactive music guide and motivate users during aerobic exercising. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 36(2), 135-145. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9149-y
Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (march, 2011). Music, exercise performance, and adherence in clinical populations and in the elderly: A review. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 5(1), 1-23.