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La inactividad física es un factor de riesgo principal que afecta la salud y capacidad funcional en adultos mayores. En este estudio se evaluó la capacidad funcional en 22 adultos mayores en Puerto Rico (edad promedio ± desviación estándar = 73,3 ± 8,2 años) antes, durante y después de ocho semanas de participar en un programa de ejercicios estructurados. La capacidad funcional se evaluó mediante una batería de pruebas de campo (composición corporal, flexibilidad, coordinación, agilidad y balance, tolerancia muscular y tolerancia cardiorrespiratoria) validadas para esta población. Además, en una sub-muestra (n = 7) se midió la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (VO2max) y los niveles de lípidos en sangre. Se utilizó una ANOVA con medidas repetidas para detectar cambios en la capacidad funcional antes, durante y después del programa. Con una t-pareada se evaluaron cambios en VO2max y lípidos antes y después del programa. La flexibilidad mejoró significativamente durante el programa (51,6 ± 12,2 vs. 57,7 ± 8,1 cm, p=0,04) y el cambio se sostuvo al final del programa (54,4 ± 10,2 cm). El tiempo en la prueba de agilidad y balance mejoró por dos segundos y la tolerancia muscular aumentó por cinco repeticiones al cabo de ocho semanas (p<0,05 en todos). No hubo cambios en la composición corporal, coordinación, VO2max y nivel de lípidos (p>0,05). Estos resultados sugieren que la participación en un programa de ejercicios estructurados por ocho semanas puede impactar positivamente aspectos que promueven la capacidad de movimiento en el adulto mayor.Referências
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