Palavras-chave
physical inactivity
health
NEAT
Metabolismo
gasto energético
saúde ocupacional
Como Citar
Resumo
Conforme aumenta a prevalência da obesidade em todo o mundo, os pesquisadores buscam explicações para o fenômeno, em particular as que sejam relevantes ao gasto energético. Identificou-se que a termogênese não associada ao exercício, abreviada como NEAT, é um componente discreto, porém, ao mesmo tempo considerável do gasto energético diário total. As exigências de algumas ocupações são um obstáculo para dispor de tempo para a atividade física planificada e claramente reduzem a NEAT, o que contribui para as condutas sedentárias que provocam a adiposidade aumentada. Identificou-se que no tempo sentado prolongado durante o expediente como um fator de risco para a obesidade e as doenças crônicas, independentemente de outros fatores de risco existentes. Foram apresentadas algumas estratégias práticas para aumentar a NEAT durante o expediente: existem estações de trabalho que exigem manter o equilíbrio enquanto se trabalha sentado em una bola suíça (bola de exercício) ou trabalhar em pé, também outras nas quais se pedala sentado ou se camina em uma esteira incorporada à mesa de trabalho, para neutralizar os períodos prolongados de trabalho sedentário no escritório. Ainda que existam poucos dados sobre os benefícios crônicos destas estações, aquelas que promovem mais movimento—as estações de pedalada ou de caminhada—aumentam os METs e o gasto energético total mais que as outras alternativas. A desvantagem de mover-se mais é que poderia haver uma diminuição na atenção do trabalho de escritório e, portanto, uma diminuição no funcionamento cognitivo; porém, os dados não são consistentes e pode ser que o benefício para a saúde seja igual ou maior que a desvantagem de experimentar algumas pequenas distrações durante as tarefas de escritório.Referências
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