Palavras-chave
handball players
physical activity measurement
locomotion
balonmano
jugadores de balonmano
medición de la actividad física
locomoción
handebol
jogadores de handebol
medição da atividade física
locomoção
Como Citar
Resumo
O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar os indicadores de carga externa e interna no handebol juvenil durante um torneio congestionado na Costa Rica e determinar se há diferenças por sexo. As variáveis foram selecionadas usando a Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) como uma técnica de redução de dados. Os dados foram coletados de 73 jogadores de handebol juvenil (33 mulheres e 38 homens) de oito clubes locais durante um torneio de três dias com jogos congestionados. Doze jogos (seis masculinos e seis femininos) foram analisados usando PCA e um teste t de Student independente para diferenças relacionadas ao sexo. Foram identificados seis indicadores principais de carga, cinco para carga externa (distância relativa [DR]; número de acelerações [AceR], aceleração máxima [AceMax], velocidade máxima [VMmax] e diferença entre acelerações e desacelerações [DfAce-Dec]) e um para carga interna (frequência cardíaca média [FC média]). Nos homens, os indicadores mais representativos foram DR, FC média e AceMax, que explicaram 39,6% da variação. Nas mulheres, eles foram MVmax e AceMax, explicando 44,4% da variação. AceR (p < 0,01), AceMax (p < 0,01), VMax (p < 0,01) foram maiores nos homens, enquanto a FC média (p = 0,02) foi maior nas mulheres. Conclui-se que a carga externa e interna apresentou diferenças entre os jogadores do sexo masculino e feminino. Os homens podem ser caracterizados por variáveis associadas ao volume, enquanto nas mulheres os indicadores relacionados à intensidade foram mais comuns. Para torneios congestionados, é importante individualizar as cargas de treinamento de acordo com o sexo, bem como priorizar as qualidades físicas a serem treinadas.
Referências
Bastida-Castillo, A., Gómez Carmona, C. D., De la Cruz Sánchez, E., y Pino Ortega, J. (2018). Accuracy, intra- and inter-unit reliability, and comparison between GPS and UWB-based position-tracking systems used for time–motion analyses in soccer. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(4), 450–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1427796
Bastida-Castillo, A., Gómez-Carmona, C., De la Cruz Sánchez, E., Reche-Royo, X., Ibáñez, S., y Pino-Ortega, J. (2019). Accuracy and Inter-Unit Reliability of Ultra-Wide-Band Tracking System in Indoor Exercise. Applied Science, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/app9050939
Bilge, M. (2012). Game Analysis of Olympic, World and European Championships in Men’s Handball. Journal of Human Kinetics, 35, 109–118. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588687/
Bourne, M., Bennett, S. J., Hayes, S. J., y Williams, A. M. (2011). The dynamical structure of handball penalty shots as a function of target location. Human Movement Science, 30(1), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2010.11.001
Bradley, P., Dellal, A., Mohr, M., Castellano, J., y Wilkie, A. (2014). Gender differences in match performance characteristics of soccer players competing in the UEFA Champions League. Human Movement Science, 33, 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2013.07.024
Cardinale, M., Whiteley, R., Hosny, A., y Popovic, N. (2017). Activity Profiles and Positional Differences of Handball Players During the World Championships in Qatar 2015. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(7), 908–915. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0314
Federolf, P., Reid, R., Gilgien, M., Haugen, P., y Smith, G. (2014). The application of principal component analysis to quantify technique in sports: PCA quantification of technique. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(3), 491–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01455.x
Gløersen, Ø., Myklebust, H., Hallén, J., y Federolf, P. (2018). Technique analysis in elite athletes using principal component analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(2), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1298826
Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J., Ugalde-Ramírez, J., y Rojas-Valverde, D. (2019). Kinematics and thermal sex-related responses during an official beach handball game in Costa Rica: A pilot study. Archivos de Medicina Del Deporte, 36(1), 13–18. https://archivosdemedicinadeldeporte.com/articulos/upload/or02_randall_ingles.pdf
Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Pino-Ortega, J., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Blanco-Romero, L., Trejos-Montoya, J., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J., y Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Physical and physiological demands according to gender, playing positions, and match outcomes in youth basketball players. RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 67(18), 15-28. https://www.academia.edu/83722656/Physical_and_physiological_demands_according_to_gender_playing_positions_and_match_outcomes_in_youth_basketball_players
Hermassi, S., Chelly, M.-S., Wollny, R., Hoffmeyer, B., Fieseler, G., Schulze, S., Irlenbusch, L., Delank, K.-S., Shephard, R. J., Bartels, T., y Schwesig, R. (2018). Relationships between the handball-specific complex test, non-specific field tests and the match performance score in elite professional handball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(6), 778–784. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07373-X
Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000116
Luteberget, L. S., y Spencer, M. (2017). High-intensity events in international women’s team handball matches. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(1), 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0641
Manchado, C., Tortosa-Martínez, J., Vila, H., Ferragut, C., y Platen, P. (2013a). Performance factors in women’s team handball: Physical and physiological aspects--a review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(6), 1708–1719. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182891535
Manchado, C., Pers, J., Navarro, F., Han, A., Sung, E., y Platen, P. (2013b). Time-motion analysis in women’s team handball: Importance of aerobic performance. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 8(2), 376-390. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.82.06
Michalsik, L, y Aagaard, P. (2015). Physical demands in elite team handball: Comparisons between male and female players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 55(9), 878–891. https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/sports-med-physical-fitness/article.php?cod=R40Y2015N09A0878
Michalsik, L., Aagaard, P., y Madsen, K. (2013). Locomotion characteristics and match-induced impairments in physical performance in male elite team handball players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(7), 590–599. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1329989
Michalsik, L., Madsen, K., y Aagaard, P. (2015). Technical Match Characteristics and Influence of Body Anthropometry on Playing Performance in Male Elite Team Handball. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(2), 416–428. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000595
Milanović, D., Vuleta, D., y Ohnjec, K. (2018). Performance Indicators of Winning and Defeated Female Handball Teams in Matches of the 2012 Olympic Games Tournament. Journal of Human Kinetics, 64, 247–253. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6231342/
Naser, N., Ali, A., y Macadam, P. (2017). Physical and physiological demands of futsal. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 15(2), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2017.09.001
Oliva-Lozano, J. M., Rojas-Valverde, D., Gómez-Carmona, C. D., Fortes, V., y Pino-Ortega, J. (2020). Impact of contextual variables on the representative external load profile of Spanish professional soccer match-play: A full season study. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(4), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1751305
Oliveira, T., Abade, E., Gonçalves, B., Gomes, I., y Sampaio., J. (2014). Physical and physiological profiles of youth elite handball players during training sessions and friendly matches according to playing positions. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(1), 162–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2014.11868712
Parmar, N., James, N., Hearne, G., y Jones, B. (2018). Using principal component analysis to develop performance indicators in professional rugby league. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 18(6), 938–949. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2018.1528525
Pino-Ortega, J., Rojas-Valverde, D., Gómez-Carmona, C., Bastida-Castillo, A., Hernández-Belmonte, A., García-Rubio, J., Nakamura, F., y Ibáñez, S. (2019). Impact of contextual factors on external load during a Congested-Fixture tournament in Elite U’18 Basketball Players. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01100
Póvoas, S. C., Seabra, A. F., Ascensão, A. A., Magalhães, J., Soares, J. M., y Rebelo, A. N. (2012). Physical and physiological demands of elite team handball. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(12), 3365-3375. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318248aeee
Ric, A., Torrents, C., Gonçalves, B., Sampaio, J., y Hristovski, R. (2016). Soft-assembled Multilevel Dynamics of Tactical Behaviors in Soccer. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01513
Rojas-Valverde, D., Gómez-Carmona, C. D., Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., y Pino-Ortega, J. (2019a). From big data mining to technical sport reports: The case of inertial measurement units. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000565
Rojas-Valverde, D., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Pino-Ortega, J., Gómez-Carmona, C., Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Timón, R., y Olcina, G. (2019b). External Workload Indicators of Muscle and Kidney Mechanical Injury in Endurance Trail Running. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203909
Scanlan, A., Dascombe, B., Kidcaff, A., Peucker, J., y Dalbo, V. (2015). Gender-Specific Activity Demands Experienced during Semiprofessional Basketball Game Play. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(5), 618–625. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0407
Stojanović, E., Stojiljković, N., Scanlan, A., Dalbo, V., Berkelmans, D., y Milanović, Z. (2018). The Activity Demands and Physiological Responses Encountered During Basketball Match-Play: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 48, 111-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0794-z
Svilar, L., Castellano, J., Jukic, I., y Casamichana, D. (2018). Positional Differences in Elite Basketball: Selecting Appropriate Training-Load Measures. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(7), 947–952. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0534
Tabachnick, B., y Fidell, L. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
Till, K., Jones, B. L., Cobley, S., Morley, D., O’Hara, J., Chapman, C., Cooke, C., y Beggs, C. B. (2016). Identifying Talent in Youth Sport: A Novel Methodology Using Higher- Dimensional Analysis. PLOS ONE, 11(5), e0155047. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155047
Wagner, H., Fuchs, P., Fusco, A., Fuchs, P., Bell, W. J., y Duvillard, S. P. (2018). Physical Performance in Elite Male and Female Team Handball Players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(1), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0014
Ziv, G., y Lidor, R. (2009). Physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and on-court performances of handball players: A review. European Journal of Sport Science, 9(6), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903038470
Comentários
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Daniel Rojas-Valverde, Jose Pino-Ortega, Carlos Gómez-Carmona, Alexis Ugalde-Ramírez, Jose Trejos-Montoya, Braulio Sánchez-Ureña, Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Vargas, Randall Gutiérrez-Vargas