Palavras-chave
performance
cognition
balance
habilidad motora
rendimiento
cognición
equilibrio
habilidade motora
desempenho
cognição
equilíbrio
Como Citar
Resumo
O desempenho bem-sucedido em cada esporte requer alta habilidade em diversas características, incluindo habilidades motoras e perceptivo-cognitivas. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o equilíbrio e a agilidade em atletas de diversas modalidades esportivas, para descobrir como as funções cognitivas estão relacionadas com esses parâmetros. Neste estudo prospectivo-descritivo foram incluídos setenta e três indivíduos com idade entre 18 e 30 anos. Foram utilizados para avaliar a cognição a Escala de Avaliação Cognitiva de Montreal, o Teste de Atenção d2 e um Dispositivo Temporizador de Antecipação Bassin. Por sua vez, o Prokin-TecnoBody foi utilizado para medir as habilidades de equilíbrio e o Teste de Agilidade de Illinois (IAT) foi utilizado para agilidade. Os tempos do IAT mostraram correlações positivas fracas tanto com o escore de erro absoluto (AES) a 8mph (r = 0,260, p = 0,040) quanto com o escore de equilíbrio médio-lateral (ML [r = 0,255, p = 0,043]). Embora tenha havido uma correlação negativa fraca entre AES a 3 mph e pontuação de equilíbrio anteroposterior (r = -0,267, p = 0,035), uma correlação positiva fraca foi encontrada entre AES a 8 mph e equilíbrio ML (r = 0,253, p = 0,046). As pontuações do IAT do grupo sedentário foram significativamente inferiores às dos atletas (p = 0,000). Segundo a AES, a 3 mph, houve diferenças significativas entre tenistas, por um lado, e sedentários e jogadores de voleibol, por outro (p = 0,008, p = 0,002, respectivamente). Quando o AES foi comparado a 8 mph, a única diferença estatisticamente significativa foi entre tenistas e sedentários (p = 0,008). Em conclusão, este estudo mostra como as funções cognitivas, em particular o tempo de antecipação-coincidência, estão relacionadas com fatores essenciais do desempenho físico, como agilidade e equilíbrio em diferentes modalidades esportivas, sugerindo que, ao melhorar as capacidades cognitivas, também melhoraria o desempenho atlético global e informaria as estratégias de treinamento mental nos esportes. Recomenda-se que futuras pesquisas em ciências do esporte se concentrem na melhoria do tempo de antecipação-coincidência através de programas de treinamento específicos.
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