Palavras-chave
physical activity
physical education (primary)
childhood competencia motriz
actividad física
educación física (primaria)
infancia competência motora
atividade física
educação física (ensino fundamental)
infância
Como Citar
Resumo
Os estudos que analisam a relação entre a competência motora (CM) real e percebida, a condição física (CF) e a atividade física (AF) são limitados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a relação recíproca direta e indireta desses quatro fatores do modelo conceitual de desenvolvimento motor. Participaram voluntariamente (n = 679; 50,8% meninas), alunos da 5ª e 6ª séries do ensino fundamental. A CM real e a percebida foram medidas usando o Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) e o Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC), respectivamente; a CF foi medida usando o teste Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) e a AF foi medida usando o Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Foram realizadas análises de correlação, regressão múltipla e mediação. Os resultados mostraram uma relação recíproca entre as variáveis do estudo (r = 0,237 - 0,477; p < 0,01), explicando entre 28% e 30% da variação do MC real e da AF. A CF e a CM percebida mediaram a relação entre a CM real e a AF em ambas as direções. Os programas de ensino de educação física devem se concentrar em favorecer o aprendizado e as experiências motoras dos alunos, não apenas em nível físico, mas também prestando atenção aos aspectos psicológicos, como a percepção de competência.
Referências
Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Demchenko, I., Hawthorne, M., Abdeta, C., Nader, P. A., Sala, J. C. A., Aguilar-Farias, N., Aznar, S., Bakalár, P., Bhawra, J., Brazo-Sayavera, J., Bringas, M., Cagas, J. Y., Carlin, A., Chang, C.-K., Chen, B., Christiansen, L. B., Christie, C. J.-A., … Tremblay, M. S. (2022). Global Matrix 4.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Adolescents: Results and Analyses From 57 Countries. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 19(11), 700-728. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2022-0456
Bandeira, P. F., Estevan, I., Duncan, M., Lenoir, M., Lemos, L., Romo-Perez, V., Valentini, N., y Martins, C. (2025). A Multilayer Network Model for Motor Competence from the View of the Science of Complexity. Sports Medicine, 55, 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-024-02164-4
Barnett, L. M., Lai, S. K., Veldman, S. L. C., Hardy, L. L., Cliff, D. P., Morgan, P. J., Zask, A., Lubans, D. R., Shultz, S. P., Ridgers, N. D., Rush, E., Brown, H. L., y Okely, A. D. (2016). Correlates of Gross Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(11), 1663-1688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0495-z
Barnett, L. M., Webster, E. K., Hulteen, R. M., De Meester, A., Valentini, N. C., Lenoir, M., Pesce, C., Getchell, N., Lopes, V. P., Robinson, L. E., Brian, A., y Rodrigues, L. P. (2022). Through the Looking Glass: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Evidence, Providing New Insight for Motor Competence and Health. Sports Medicine, 52, 875-920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01516-8
Biddle, S. J. H., Ciaccioni, S., Thomas, G., y Vergeer, I. (2019). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: An updated review of reviews and an analysis of causality. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.08.011
Burns, R. D., y Fu, Y. (2018). Testing the Motor Competence and Health-Related Variable Conceptual Model: A Path Analysis. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 3(4), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk3040061
Chan, C. H. S., Ha, A. S. C., Ng, J. Y. Y., y Lubans, D. R. (2019). Associations between fundamental movement skill competence, physical activity and psycho-social determinants in Hong Kong Chinese children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(2), 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1490055
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-179060-8.50001-3
Coppens, E., De Meester, A., Deconinck, F. J. A., De Martelaer, K., Haerens, L., Bardid, F., Lenoir, M., y D’Hondt, E. (2021). Differences in Weight Status and Autonomous Motivation towards Sports among Children with Various Profiles of Motor Competence and Organized Sports Participation. Children, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020156
De Meester, A., Barnett, L. M., Brian, A., Bowe, S. J., Jiménez-Díaz, J., Van Duyse, F., Irwin, J. M., Stodden, D. F., D’Hondt, E., Lenoir, M., y Haerens, L. (2020). The Relationship Between Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(11), 2001-2049. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01336-2
Estevan, I., y Barnett, L. M. (2018). Considerations Related to the Definition, Measurement and Analysis of Perceived Motor Competence. Sports Medicine, 48, 2685-2694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0940-2
Estevan, I., Molina-García, J., Queralt, A., Bowe, S. J., Abbott, G., y Barnett, L. M. (2019). The new version of the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence in Spanish children: Evidence of validity and reliability. [La nueva versión de la escala pictográfica de Percepción de Competencia de Habilidades Motrices in niños y niñas españoles: Evidencias de validez y fiabilidad]. RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Del Deporte, 15(55), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2019.05503
Feitoza, A. H. P., Santos, A. B. D., Barnett, L. M., y Cattuzzo, M. T. (2022). Motor competence, physical activity, and perceived motor competence: A relational systems approach. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(21), 2371-2383. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2158268
Graham, M., Azevedo, L., Wright, M., y Innerd, A. L. (2022). The Effectiveness of Fundamental Movement Skill Interventions on Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Levels in 5- to 11-Year-Old Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 52, 1067-1090. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01599-3
Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. A Regression-Based Approach (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
Igartua, J.-J., y Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computations, and Some Common Confusions. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, e49. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.46
Johnson, T. M., Ridgers, N. D., Hulteen, R. M., Mellecker, R. R., y Barnett, L. M. (2016). Does playing a sports active video game improve young children’s ball skill competence? Journal Of Science And Medicine In Sport, 19(5), 432-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.05.002
Jones, D., Innerd, A., Giles, E. L., y Azevedo, L. B. (2020). Association between fundamental motor skills and physical activity in the early years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(6), 542-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.03.001
Khodaverdi, Z., O’Brien, W., Duncan, M., y Clark, C. C. T. (2022). Motor competence interventions in children and adolescents – theoretical and atheoretical approaches: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(20), 2233-2266. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2148897
Kowalski, K. C., Crocker, P. R., y Donen, R. (2004). The physical activity questionnaire for older children (PAQ-C) and adolescents (PAQ-A) manual. University of Saskatchewan.
Lima, R. A., Drenowatz, C., y Pfeiffer, K. A. (2022). Expansion of Stodden et al.’s Model. Sports Medicine, 52, 679-683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01632-5
Longmuir, P. E., Boyer, C., Lloyd, M., Borghese, M. M., Knight, E., Saunders, T. J., Boiarskaia, E., Zhu, W., y Tremblay, M. S. (2017). Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA): Validity, objectivity, and reliability evidence for children 8–12 years of age. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6(2), 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.11.004
Lubans, D. R., Lonsdale, C., Cohen, K., Eather, N., Beauchamp, M. R., Morgan, P. J., Sylvester, B. D., y Smith, J. J. (2017). Framework for the design and delivery of organized physical activity sessions for children and adolescents: Rationale and description of the «SAAFE» teaching principles. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(24). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0479-x
Manchola-González, J., Bagur-Calafat, C., y Girabent-Farrés, M. (2017). Fiabilidad de la Versión Española del Cuestionario de Actividad Física PAQ-C [Reliability Spanish Version of Questionnaire of Physical Activity PAQ-C]. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, 17(65), 139-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2017.65.010
Mayorga-Vega, D., Aguilar-Soto, P., y Viciana, J. (2015). Criterion-Related Validity of the 20-M Shuttle Run Test for Estimating Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 14(3), 536-547. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26336340/
Menescardi, C., Meester, A. D., Morbée, S., Haerens, L., y Estevan, I. (2022a). The role of motivation into the conceptual model of motor development in childhood. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 61, 102188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102188
Menescardi, C., Villarrasa-Sapiña, I., Lander, N., y Estevan, I. (2022b). Canadian Agility Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) in a Spanish Context: Evidences of Reliability and Validity. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 26(3), 245-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2021.2020794
Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., y Sjöström, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: A powerful marker of health. International Journal of Obesity, 32, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774
Ortega-Benavent, N., Menescardi, C., Cárcamo-Oyarzún, J., y Estevan, I. (2024). Do perceived motor competence and physical literacy mediate the association between actual motor competence and physical activity engagement? Revista de Psicodidáctica (English ed.), 29(2), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psicoe.2024.03.001
Peterson, R. A., y Brown, S. P. (2005). On the use of beta coefficients in meta-analysis. The Journal of applied psychology, 90(1), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.175
Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues, L. P., y D’Hondt, E. (2015). Motor Competence and its Effect on Positive Developmental Trajectories of Health. Sports Medicine, 45(9), 1273-1284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6
Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., y Garcia, L. E. (2008). A Developmental Perspective on the Role of Motor Skill Competence in Physical Activity: An Emergent Relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
Sürücü, L., Sesen, H., y Maslakçi, A. (2023). Regression, Mediation/Moderation, and Structural Equation Modeling with SPSS, AMOS, and PROCESS Macro. Livre de Lyon.
Tapia-Serrano, M. A., Sevil-Serrano, J., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., López-Gil, J. F., Tremblay, M. S., y García-Hermoso, A. (2022). Prevalence of meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines from pre-school to adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 387,437 participants and 23 countries. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 11(4), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.01.005
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Isaac Estevan, Cristina Menescardi, Nuria Ortega-Benavent, Sergio Montalt-García, Jorge Romero-Martínez, Pamela Salazar-Cruz, Israel Villarrasa-Sapiña, Gonzalo Monfort-Torres, Xavier García-Massó, Javier Molina-García