Performance, Structure and Policy in the Belize Economy

Abstract

This article examines the Belizean economy since independence in 1981 (excluding the impact of the virus COVID-19). During this time there have been significant changes in structure, especially the increase in the importance of exports of services, while population has expanded rapidly due both to natural increases and net inward migration. Slow economic growth in the first two decades led to an experiment with debt-led growth that ended in failure. The years since the global financial crisis in 2008/9 have proved especially difficult as a result of the debt overhang, the erosion of preferences for commodity exports and the increase in corruption. Belize has therefore found itself in a low-level equilibrium debt trap from which it is hard to escape. The level of poverty unsurprisingly has become severe.