Keywords
physiology
recreational sports
tennis surfaces
tenis para personas mayores
fisiología
deportes recreativos
superficies para tenis
tênis para idosos
fisiologia
esportes recreativos
superfícies de tênis
How to Cite
Abstract
Previous research has predominantly focused on the effects of different court surfaces on the performance responses of professional and young tennis players. However, studies concerning recreational senior tennis players are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hard-court (HC) and clay-court (CC) surfaces on the game activities and physiological responses of recreational senior tennis players. Twenty-two recreational senior tennis players (44.2 ± 3.3 years) played two singles matches each, one on an HC and the other on CC, with heart rate responses and time-motion characteristics (TMC) monitored via portable GPS devices. Video recordings revealed variables including effective playing time (EPT), rally duration (DR), strokes per rally (SPR), and rest time between rallies (RT). The results show significant differences between the court surfaces: on CC, players exhibited a higher-average heart rate (152.8 ± 20.3 beats per min vs. 143.7 ± 18.5 on HC, p<0.001), longer rally durations (12.4 ± 8.5 sec vs. 8.1 ± 7.8 on HC, p<0.001), and increased total distance covered (3027.9 ± 396 m vs. 2647.6 ± 378 on HC, p<0.001). Additionally, HC induced significantly faster rally speeds compared to CC (0.70 ± 0.25 shots/s vs. 0.59 ± 0.17 on CC, p<0.001). These results suggest that CC are associated with higher physiological responses and require more game activity from the players than HC. This study contributes to the understanding of how the court surface impacts middle-aged recreational players, indicating that training and preparation should be adapted to meet the unique demands of different court surfaces.
References
Caserta, R. J., Young, J., y Janelle, C. M. (2007). Old dogs, new tricks: training the perceptual skills of senior tennis players. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(4), 479-497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.4.479
Chapelle, L., Clarys, P., Meulemans, S., y Aerenhouts, D. (2017). Physiological responses, hitting accuracy and step count of a tennis drill in function of court surface: A randomised cross-over design. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 17(4), 622–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2017.1378985
Drust, B., Waterhouse, J., Atkinson, G., Edwards, B., y Reilly, T. (2005). Circadian rhythms in sports performance—An update. Chronobiology International, 22(1), 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/cbi-200041039
Duffield, R., Reid, M., Baker, J., y Spratford, W. (2010). Accuracy and reliability of GPS devices for measurement of movement patterns in confined spaces for court-based sports. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(5), 523–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.07.003
Fernandez-Fernandez J., Mendez-Villanueva, A., y Pluim, B. M. (2006). Intensity of tennis match play. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(5), 387–391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.023168
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Fernandez-Garcia, B., y Terrados, N. (2007). Match activity and physiological responses during a junior female singles tennis tournament. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(11), 711–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.036210
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Kinner, V., y Ferrauti, A. (2010). The physiological demands of hitting and running in tennis on different surfaces. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(12), 3255–3264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e8745f
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Sanz-Rivas, D., Fernandez-Garcia, B., y Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2008). Match activity and physiological load during a clay-court tennis tournament in elite female players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(14), 1589–1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410802287089
Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Sanz-Rivas, D., Sanchez-Muñoz, C., Pluim, B. M., Tiemessen, I., y Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2009). A comparison of the activity profile and physiological demands between advanced and recreational veteran tennis players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(2), 604–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e318194208a
Ferrauti, A., Kinner, V., y Fernandez-Fernandez, J. (2011). The Hit & Turn Tennis Test: An acoustically controlled endurance test for tennis players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(5), 485–494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.539247
Galé-Ansodi, C., Castellano, J., y Usabiaga, O. (2016). Effects of different surfaces in time-motion characteristics in youth elite tennis players. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 16(3), 860–870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2016.11868934
Girard, O., Eicher, F., Fourchet, F., Micallef, J. P., y Millet, G. P. (2007). Effects of the playing surface on plantar pressures and potential injuries in tennis. British journal of sports medicine, 41(11), 733-738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.036707
Gunay, H., y Kolayis, İ. E. (2020). The Relatıonship Between Functional Movement And Body Stability With Service Speed On Veteran Tennis Players. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 22(3), 464-472. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tsed/issue/58596/699174
Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., y Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
Hoppe, M. W., Baumgart, C., Bornefeld, J., Sperlich, B., Freiwald, J., y Holmberg, H.-C. (2014). Running activity profile of adolescent tennis players during match play. Pediatric Exercise Science, 26(3), 281–290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0195
Hornery, D. J., Farrow, D., Mujika, I., y Young, W. (2007). An integrated physiological and performance profile of professional tennis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(8), 531–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.031351
International Tennis Federation (ITF). (2004). Assessment guide: ITN on court assessment.
https://specialolympicspa.org/images/stories/Sports_Offered_Files/ITN_AssesmentGuide_Level_5_HP.pdf
International Tennis Federation (ITF). (2024). ITF Rules of Tennis. https://www.itftennis.com/media/7221/2024-rules-of-tennis-english.pdf
The International Tennis Number Test (ITN). (2016). ITN Categories. http://www.thaitennisfriendship.net/itn-mean--categories.html
Johnstone, J. A., Ford, P. A., Hughes, G., Watson, T., Mitchell, A. C., y Garrett, A. T. (2012). Field based reliability and validity of the bioharnessTM multivariable monitoring device. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 11(4), 643-652. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3763310/
Kachel, K., Buszard, T., y Reid, M. (2015). The effect of ball compression on the match-play characteristics of elite junior tennis players. Journal of sports sciences, 33(3), 320-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.942683
Kilit, B., y Arslan, E. (2017). Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of young tennis players: Comparison of serve vs. return games and winners vs. losers matches. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 17(5), 684–694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2017.1381470
Kilit, B., y Arslan, E. (2018). Playing tennis matches on clay court surfaces are associated with more perceived enjoyment response but less perceived exertion compared to hard courts. Acta Gymnica, 48(4), 147–152. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/ag.2018.021
Kilit, B., Arslan, E., y Soylu, Y. (2018). Time-motion characteristics, notational analysis and physiological demands of tennis match play: A review. Acta Kinesiologica, 12(2), 5–12. https://akinesiologica.com/time-motion-characteristics-notational-analysis-and-physiological-demands-of-tennis-match-play-a-review/
Kilit, B., Şenel, Ö., Arslan, E., y Can, S. (2016). Physiological responses and match characteristics in professional tennis players during a one-hour simulated tennis match. Journal of Human Kinetics, 51, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0173
Kulund, D. N., McCue III, F. C., Rockwell, D. A., y Gieck, J. H. (1979). Tennis injuries: prevention and treatment: A review. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 7(4), 249-253. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354657900700409
Leach, R. E., y Abramowitz, A. (1991). The senior tennis player. Clinics in sports medicine, 10(2), 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5919(20)30633-5
Mansencal, N., Perrot, S., Marcadet, D., Montalvan, B., y Dubourg, O. (2011). 266 Is cardiac remodeling physiological in veteran tennis players?. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements, 3(1), 87-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1878-6480(11)70268-3
Marks, B. L. (2006). Health benefits for veteran (senior) tennis players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(5), 469–476. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.024877
Martin, C., y Prioux, J. (2015). Tennis playing surfaces: The effects on performance and injuries. Journal of Medicine and Science in Tennis, 21(1), 11-19.
Martin, C., Thevenet, D., Zouhal, H., Mornet, Y., Delès, R., Crestel, T., Abderrahman, A. B., y Prioux, J. (2011). Effects of playing surface (hard and clay courts) on heart rate and blood lactate during tennis matches played by high-level players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181fb459b
Murias, J. M., Lanatta, D., Arcuri, C. R., y Laino, F. A. (2007). Metabolic and functional responses playing tennis on different surfaces. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(1), 112–117. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200702000-00021
O’Donoghue, P., y Ingram, B. (2001). A notational analysis of elite tennis strategy. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404101300036299
Pereira, L. A., Freitas, V., Moura, F. A., Aoki, M. S., Loturco, I., y Nakamura, F. Y. (2016). The activity profile of young tennis athletes playing on clay and hard courts: Preliminary data. Journal of Human Kinetics, 50(1), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0158
Pluim, B. M., Clarsen, B., y Verhagen, E. (2018). Injury rates in recreational tennis players do not differ between different playing surfaces. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(9), 611–615. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097050
Pluim, B. M., Jansen, M. G., Williamson, S., Berry, C., Camporesi, S., Fagher, K., Heron, N., Janse van Rensburg, D.C., Moreno-Pérez, V., Murray, A., O’Connor, S.R., de Oliveira, F.C., Reid, M., van Reijen, M., Saueressig, T., Schoonmade, L.J., Thornton, J.S., Webborn, N., y Ardern, C. L. (2023). Physical demands of tennis across the different court surfaces, performance levels and sexes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 53(4), 807-836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01807-8
Pluim, B. M., Staal, J. B., Marks, B. L., Miller, S., y Miley, D. (2007). Health benefits of tennis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(11), 760-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.034967
Ponzano, M., y Gollin, M. (2017). Movement analysis and metabolic profile of tennis match play: Comparison between hard courts and clay courts. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 17(3), 220–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2017.1331572
Prieto-Lage, I., Paramés-González, A., Argibay-González, J. C., Reguera-López-de-la-Osa, X., Ordóñez-Álvarez, S., y Gutiérrez-Santiago, A. (2022). Match analysis in women’s tennis on clay, grass and hard courts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137955
Reid, M. M., Duffield, R., Minett, G. M., Sibte, N., Murphy, A. P., y Baker, J. (2013). Physiological, perceptual, and technical responses to on-court tennis training on hard and clay courts. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(6), 1487–1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31826caedf
Rotella, R. J., y Bunker, L. K. (1978). Field dependence and reaction time in senior tennis players (65 and over). Perceptual and Motor Skills, 46(2), 585-586. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1978.46.2.585
Sariman, M. H., Nik Yusof, N. N., Azam, M. Z., Wan Norman, W. M. N., y Abdul Razak, F. A. (2018). Comparison of Flexibility, Muscular Endurance, and Speed Among Veteran Male Tennis Player Between Clubs. In Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2016) Theoretical and Applied Sciences (pp. 1001-1006). Springer Singapore. https://acortar.link/n7lgZi
Sobel, J., Ellenbecker, T. S., y Roetert, E. P. (1995). Flexibility training for tennis. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 17(6), 43-51. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245762630_Flexibility_Training_for_Tennis
Swank, A. M., Condra, S., y Yates, J. W. (1998). Effect of long term tennis participation on aerobic power, body composition, muscular strength, flexibility and serum lipids. Research in Sports Medicine: An International Journal, 8(2), 99-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15438629809512520
Therminarias, A., Dansou, P., Chirpaz-Oddou, M. F., y Quirion, A. (1990). Effects of age on heart rate response during a strenuous match of tennis. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 30(4), 389-396. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2079845/
Therminarias, A., Dansou, P., Chirpaz-Oddou, M. F., Gharib, C., y Quirion, A. (1991). Hormonal and metabolic changes during a strenuous tennis match. Effect of ageing. International journal of sports medicine, 12(01), 10-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024647
Turkish Tennis Federation (TTF). (2024). TTF Tournament Guidelines. https://www.ttf.org.tr/images/talimatlar/2024/Masters_Tenis_Turnuvalari_Talimati.pdf
Vodak, P. A., Savin, W. M., Haskell, W. L., y Wood, P. D. (1980). Physiological profile of middle-aged male and female tennis players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 12(3), 159-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198023000-00006
Yurgil, J. L., Meredith, T. J., y Martin, P. M. (2021). Athletic play surfaces and injury risk. Current sports medicine reports, 20(4), 188-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000828
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bulent Kilit, Ersan Arslan, Yusuf Soylu