Palabras clave
ejercicio aeróbico
capacidad cardiorrespiratoria
COVID-19
aerobic exercise
cardiorespiratory capacity
COVID-19
exercício aeróbico
condicionamento cardiorrespiratório
Cómo citar
Resumen
El propósito del estudio fue cuantificar el tamaño de efecto (TE) del ejercicio aeróbico sobre la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en sobrevivientes de la enfermedad COVID-19, producida por el virus SARS-CoV 2. Se revisaron dos bases de datos (EBSCO host y PubMed) entre los meses de agosto a noviembre del año 2021. Se encontraron 142,656 posibles artículos y luego de varios filtros, se incluyeron 9 estudios que cumplían los requisitos de inclusión. Se usó el modelo de efectos aleatorios. Se obtuvieron 12 TE en un primer metaanálisis que tuvo sesgo (según prueba de Egger). Tras identificar y eliminar grupos con TE extremo, se obtuvo un modelo corregido y sin sesgo con 7 estudios y 9 TE, donde se encontró que el ejercicio aeróbico tiene un efecto significativo, positivo y de magnitud grande, sobre la condición cardiorrespiratoria en sobrevivientes a la enfermedad de COVID-19 (TE=0.849; IC95%: 0.715 - 0.982; Q=7.13; p=0.522; I2=0.87%; Egger p=0.205). Las intervenciones con ejercicio aeróbico favorecen la mejora de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, en pacientes sobrevivientes de COVID-19. Dos estudios aplicaron solo ejercicio aeróbico, mientras que los otros siete, combinaban aeróbico con ejercicio de fuerza y otras modalidades. En todos los casos se tuvo TE significativo. Finalmente, estos resultados fueron relativamente homogéneos, sin evidenciar la influencia de posibles variables moderadoras.
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(*) Estudios incluidos en el metaanálisis.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Hibsen Alonso Jiménez-Rodríguez, Gerardo Araya Araya