Resumo
López-Dávila, A. J. (2014). Tanto hoje como ontem. Parabiose e sua combinação com outras técnicas para descobrir os segredos do sangue. Pensar em Movimento: Revista de Ciências do Exercício e da Saúde, 12 (1), 1-15. Este artigo repassa algumas descobertas importantes relacionadas com a fisiologia do exercício, que foram possíveis graças ao modelo chamado parabiose. A parabiose é uma preparação fisiológica experimental na qual dois animais compartilham uma só circulação sanguínea. Este método permite demonstrar a existência de fatores circulantes no sangue e o efeito que estes têm sobre diferentes tecidos. Embora esta técnica tenha sido praticada por mais de 150 anos, segue sendo muito utilizada e seus alcances tem sido reforçados graças ao uso dos métodos modernos da biologia molecular como ferramenta complementar. Através de experimentos de parabiose foi demonstrado que no sangue de modelos animais circulam moléculas capazes –entre outras ações- de: a) regular a massa da gordura corporal por meio de retrocontrole negativo, b) reduzir a hipertrofia cardíaca associada à disfunção diastólica que ocorre com o envelhecimento c) inibir a neurogênese no giro denteado do hipocampo e causar disfunções cognitivas, d) favorecer a remielinização da medula espinhal e, e) ativar ou inibir a regeneração do músculo esquelético que se dá depois de uma lesão. A constante descoberta de fatores que circulam no sangue e seus efeitos em diversos órgãos abrem novas perguntas sobre os mecanismos moleculares e celulares que explicam estes fenômenos e sua possível aplicação na saúde do ser humano. A fisiologia do exercício é uma ferramenta valiosa para encontrar as respostas.
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