Reproductive performance of southern highbush blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in northeastern Argentina

Recalde, José María; González, Ana María; Garavello, Miguel Fernando; Alayón Luaces, Paula

doi:10.15517/p3mvrs32

Autores/as

Jose Maria Recalde Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia. Concordia, Argentina. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6259-1988
Ana María González Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE‑CONICET). Corrientes, Argentina. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-0967
Miguel Fernando Garavello Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia. Concordia, Argentina. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7115-0688
Paula Alayón Luaces Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Corrientes, Argentina. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-5923

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/p3mvrs32

Palabras clave:

Ericaceae, producción de polen, germinación de polen, polinización cruzada, cuajado de frutos, desarrollo de semillas

Resumen

Introducción. Los cultivares de arándano southern highbush (SHB, Vaccinium corymbosum L.) han permitido expandir la producción hacia regiones subtropicales. En estos ambientes, comprender sus respuestas reproductivas es fundamental para mejorar la selección de parentales y el mejoramiento genético. Objetivo. Evaluar los principales componentes del desempeño reproductivo de cultivares SHB bajo condiciones subtropicales del nordeste argentino. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron la producción y la germinación in vitro del polen en combinaciones de año × localidad × cultivar, y el cuajado de frutos y el número de semillas bien desarrolladas por fruto en combinaciones de año × localidad × tratamiento de polinización, en los cultivares SHB ‘Emerald’ y ‘Snowchaser’ cultivados en Concordia y Bella Vista durante 2023 y 2024. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey (p ² 0,05). Resultados. La producción de polen varió entre años y combinaciones cultivar × localidad, generalmente con mayores valores en 2024, y osciló entre 8638,89 y 26194,44 tétradas por flor. La germinación in vitro del polen fue afectada por el cultivar, la localidad, el año y sus interacciones, con los valores más bajos registrados para ‘Emerald’ en Bella Vista y ‘Snowchaser’ en Concordia durante 2024. El cuajado de frutos fue menor en ‘Emerald’ × ‘Emerald’ y en los tratamientos de polinización con ‘Snowchaser’ como cultivar femenino en Concordia durante 2024, mientras que el mayor número de semillas bien desarrolladas por fruto se registró en ‘Snowchaser’ × ‘Snowchaser’ en Concordia durante 2024. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos indican que el comportamiento reproductivo de cultivares SHB bajo condiciones subtropicales está condicionado por el genotipo, las condiciones ambientales y su interacción. Las respuestas contrastantes de los distintos componentes reproductivos indican que el éxito reproductivo no puede inferirse a partir de un único atributo reproductivo.

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