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Abstract
Los patrones básicos de movimiento son la base para participar en actividades más complejas a lo largo de la vida. Mientras que una cantidad considerable de investigaciones ha reportado el comportamiento motor en la edad infantil, existe un desconocimiento acerca de este desempeño en edades subsecuentes, especialmente en la adultez. Por lo anterior, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar las diferencias de edad y sexo en del desempeño de los patrones básicos de movimiento en tres grupos de edades: infantes (M = 9,37 años de edad, DE = 1,26), adolescentes (M = 14,80 años de edad, DE = 2,04) y adultos (M = 19,88 años de edad, DE = 2,72). Un total de 114 participantes fueron evaluados en cinco patrones locomotores y cinco manipulativos con la utilización del instrumento para la evaluación de patrones básicos de movimiento, el cual es un instrumento orientado al proceso del movimiento. Los resultados del ANOVA, al comparar edad y sexo no presentaron interacción significativa. Adicionalmente, el efecto principal de grupo mostró diferencias en tres destrezas individuales: galopar –adolescentes y adultos presentaron mejor desempeño que los infantes (p < ,01)–, lanzar –infantes y adolescentes presentaron mejor desempeño que los adultos (p < ,01)– y patear –adultos presentaron mejor desempeño que los infantes y adolescentes (p < ,05)–. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el efecto principal de sexo para el total del desempeño motor (p < ,01), en la subescala de patrones manipulativos (p < ,01) y locomotores (p < ,05), y en seis destrezas individuales: correr (p < ,05), saltar (p < ,05), lanzar (p < ,01), patear (p < ,01), rebotar (p < ,01) y batear (p < ,01); los hombres siempre presentan un mejor desempeño que las mujeres. Por tanto, es importante fortalecer los patrones básicos de movimiento a todas las edades, como una opción para ayudar a las personas a realizar actividades físicas.References
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