Palabras clave
manipulación
desempeño motor
adulto
diferencias de género
envejecimiento
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los patrones básicos de movimiento son la base para participar en actividades más complejas a lo largo de la vida. Mientras que una cantidad considerable de investigaciones ha reportado el comportamiento motor en la edad infantil, existe un desconocimiento acerca de este desempeño en edades subsecuentes, especialmente en la adultez. Por lo anterior, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar las diferencias de edad y sexo en del desempeño de los patrones básicos de movimiento en tres grupos de edades: infantes (M = 9,37 años de edad, DE = 1,26), adolescentes (M = 14,80 años de edad, DE = 2,04) y adultos (M = 19,88 años de edad, DE = 2,72). Un total de 114 participantes fueron evaluados en cinco patrones locomotores y cinco manipulativos con la utilización del instrumento para la evaluación de patrones básicos de movimiento, el cual es un instrumento orientado al proceso del movimiento. Los resultados del ANOVA, al comparar edad y sexo no presentaron interacción significativa. Adicionalmente, el efecto principal de grupo mostró diferencias en tres destrezas individuales: galopar –adolescentes y adultos presentaron mejor desempeño que los infantes (p < ,01)–, lanzar –infantes y adolescentes presentaron mejor desempeño que los adultos (p < ,01)– y patear –adultos presentaron mejor desempeño que los infantes y adolescentes (p < ,05)–. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el efecto principal de sexo para el total del desempeño motor (p < ,01), en la subescala de patrones manipulativos (p < ,01) y locomotores (p < ,05), y en seis destrezas individuales: correr (p < ,05), saltar (p < ,05), lanzar (p < ,01), patear (p < ,01), rebotar (p < ,01) y batear (p < ,01); los hombres siempre presentan un mejor desempeño que las mujeres. Por tanto, es importante fortalecer los patrones básicos de movimiento a todas las edades, como una opción para ayudar a las personas a realizar actividades físicas.Citas
Barnett, L. M., van Beurden, E., Morgan, P. J., Brooks, L. O., & Beard, J. R. (2010). Gender differences in motor skill proficiency from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal study. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81(2), 162–170. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02701367.2010.10599663
Carley, M. (2010). The relationship between fundamental motor skill development and lifetime participation in physical activity. PSAHPERD, winter, 31–33.
Cohen, K. E., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Callister, R., & Lubans, D. R. (2014). Fundamental movement skills and physical activity among children living in low-income communities: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-11-49
Gabbard, C. P. (2012). Lifelong Motor Development (6th ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company. Retrieved from http://www.pearsonhighered.com/bookseller/product/Lifelong-Motor-Development/9780321734945.page
Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J. C. (2005). Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Retrieved from http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/11623306
Goodway, J. D., & Branta, C. F. (2003). Influence of a motor skill intervention on fundamental motor skill development of disadvantaged preschool children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(1), 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609062
Hardy, L. L., Reinten-Reynolds, T., Espinel, P., Zask, A., & Okely, A. D. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of low fundamental movement skill competency in children. Pediatrics, 130(2), e390–e398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-0345
Jiménez, J., Salazar, W., & Morera, M. (2013). Diseño y validación de un instrumento para la evaluación de patrones básicos de movimiento. Motricidad. European Journal of Human Movement, 31(0), 87–97. Retrieved from http://www.eurjhm.com/index.php/eurjhm/article/view/311
Logan, S. W., Robinson, L. E., Wilson, A. E., & Lucas, W. A. (2012). Getting the fundamentals of movement: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 38(3), 305–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01307.x
Lorson, K. M., Stodden, D. F., Langendorfer, S. J., & Goodway, J. D. (2013). Age and gender differences in adolescent and adult overarm throwing. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84(2), 239–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2013.784841
Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., & Okely, A. D. (2010). Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1019–1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000
Okely, A. D., Booth, M. L., & Chey, T. (2004). Relationships between body composition and fundamental movement skills among children and adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 75(3), 238–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2004.10609157
Okely, A. D., Booth, M. L., & Patterson, J. W. (2001). Relationship of physical activity to fundamental movement skills among adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(11), 1899–1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200111000-00015
Robinson, L. E. (2011). The relationship between perceived physical competence and fundamental motor skills in preschool children. Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(4), 589–596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01187.x
Slotte, S., Sääkslahti, A., Metsämuuronen, J., & Rintala, P. (2014). Fundamental movement skill proficiency and body composition measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in eight-year-old children. Early Child Development and Care, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2014.936428
Southall, J., Okely, A. D., & Steele, J. (2004). Actual and perceived physical competence in overweight and nonoverweight children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 16(1), 15–24. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/pes-back-issues/PESVolume16Issue1February/ActualandPerceivedPhysicalCompetenceinOverweightandNonoverweightChildren
Spessato, B., Gabbard, C., & Valentini, N. C. (2013). The role of motor competence and body mass index in children’s activity levels in physical education classes. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 32(2), 118–130. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/jtpe-back-issues/jtpe-volume-32-issue-2-april/the-role-of-motor-competence-and-body-mass-index-in-childrenrsquos-activity-levels-in-physical-education-classes
Spessato, B., Gabbard, C., Valentini, N., & Rudisill, M. (2012). Gender differences in Brazilian children’s fundamental movement skill performance. Early Child Development and Care, 183(7), 916-923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2012.689761
Stodden, D. F., & Goodway, J. D. (2007). The dynamic association between motor skill development and physical activity. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 78(8), 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2007.10598077
Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
Stodden, D. F., Langendorfer, S., & Roberton, M. A. (2009). The association between motor skill competence and physical fitness in young adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(2), 223–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599556
Stodden, D. F., True, L. K., Langendorfer, S. J., & Gao, Z. (2013). Associations among selected motor skills and health-related fitness: indirect evidence for Seefeldt’s proficiency barrier in young adults? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 84(3), 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2013.814910
Valentini, N., & Rudisill, M. E. (2004). Motivational climate, motor-skill development, and perceived competence: Two studies of developmentally delayed kindergarten children. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 23(3), 216–234. Retrieved from http://journals.humankinetics.com/jtpe-back-issues/JTPEVolume23Issue3July/MotivationalClimateMotorSkillDevelopmentandPerceivedCompetenceTwoStudiesofDevelopmentallyDelayedKindergartenChildren
Wrotniak, B. H., Epstein, L. H., Dorn, J. M., Jones, K. E., & Kondilis, V. A. (2006). The relationship between motor proficiency and physical activity in children. Pediatrics, 118(6), e1758–e1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0742