Plant-parasitic nematodes in potato crops of Cartago, Costa Rica: variation by altitude and soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/5m2jd659Keywords:
Pratylenchus, Globodera , Meloidogyne, ensamblaje de nematodosAbstract
Introduction. Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are a major problem for potato production. Updated information on PPN affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Costa Rica is limited. Objective. To characterize the genera of PPN occurring in potato fields in Cartago, with emphasis on their variation across altitude and soil properties. Materials and methods. Between 2015 and 2017, forty-five potato fields from northern Cartago, Costa Rica, were sampled and categorized by altitude: low (1600Ð2100 meters above sea level [m a.s.l.]), medium (2101Ð2600 m a.s.l.), and high (2601Ð3100 m a.s.l.). Composite soil and root samples were collected per field in a zigzag pattern for nematode analysis and soil characterization. Additional soil samples were collected for cyst quantification. Nematodes were extracted using centrifugal sugar-flotation for genus/family identification and the Fenwick method for cyst quantification. Abundance, frequency, and diversity (Hill’s N1 index) were compared across altitudes and sample types. Non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square) and multivariate analyses (PCA, Spearman correlation) evaluated patterns and associations. Results. Thirteen genera/families were identified. Pratylenchus had the highest frequency of occurrence in soil and roots, Meloidogyne showed the highest mean population density, and Globodera showed greater abundance at higher altitudes. In addition, nematode genera were associated with soil properties, and the presence of M. incognita and M. hapla was molecularly confirmed. Conclusions. Altitude and soil properties were associated with variation in PPN distribution in potato fields of Cartago.
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