Uso de prácticas de Adaptación basada en Ecosistemas por pequeños cafetaleros en Centroamérica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v30i1.32615Palabras clave:
cerca viva, cambio climático, huertos familiares, sombraResumen
Introducción. En Centroamérica, los pequeños caficultores están amenazados por el aumento en las temperaturas y los cambios en los patrones de lluvia. Una estrategia para apoyar a las comunidades de pequeños agricultores a adaptarse al cambio climático es el uso de prácticas de Adaptación basada en Ecosistemas (AbE), las cuales integran la conservación, restauración y manejo sostenible de ecosistemas y biodiversidad. Sin embargo, existe poca información de cómo los productores utilizan estas prácticas. Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el uso de once prácticas de AbE entre pequeños agricultores de café, de cinco paisajes ubicados en Costa Rica, Honduras y Guatemala, así como comparar las características biofísicas y frecuencia de uso de las mismas entre paisajes. Materiales y métodos. La caracterización de las prácticas de AbE se realizó utilizando mapeo participativo, entrevistas, y mediciones de área y estructura y composición de la vegetación, entre julio 2014 y junio 2015. La comparación entre paisajes se realizó mediante un análisis de varianza. Resultados. Los resultados indican que muchos pequeños agricultores de café están implementando activamente el uso de prácticas AbE, entre ellas el uso de árboles de sombra en cafetales, los surcos en contorno, los huertos caseros y las cercas vivas. Sin embargo, existieron diferencias importantes entre paisajes en cuanto al uso y las características de AbE implementadas. Conclusión. Estas diferencias sugieren que los productores adaptan el uso de dichas prácticas en respuesta a los contextos sociales y biofísicos del medio en donde viven, y que existe valor en hacer intercambio de productores de diferentes regiones para compartir su conocimiento sobre estas prácticas.
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