Dinámica anual de la producción de dosis seminales en verracos para inseminación artificial comercial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/n8n2pg88Palabras clave:
reproducción asistida, esperma de verraco, dinámica mensual, biotecnología reproductiva, industria porcina, estrés térmico, clima tropicalResumen
Introducción. La producción de dosis de semen de verraco depende de la estabilidad de la calidad del eyaculado; sin embargo, sus fluctuaciones anuales están poco descritas en condiciones comerciales tropicales. Objetivo. Caracterizar la dinámica mensual del rendimiento de dosis de semen por eyaculado en verracos bajo condiciones comerciales de inseminación artificial (IA) e identificar los períodos de menor productividad. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en granjas porcinas comerciales del noroeste de Costa Rica entre 2020 y 2024. Se evaluaron 461 eyaculados de 119 verracos sexualmente maduros. Cada eyaculado se evaluó macroscópicamente para determinar el número de dosis que podían preparar. Una dosis se transportó al laboratorio a 17 °C. La motilidad total y progresiva se evaluó mediante ISAS® v1, y la morfología espermática, mediante Trumorph®. Solo se analizaron eyaculados con ≥75 % de espermatozoides morfológicamente normales. Los patrones mensuales se analizaron mediante modelos de efectos mixtos con el mes, la granja, el año y la edad al momento de la recolección como efectos fijos, y el verraco como efecto aleatorio. Resultados. La concentración espermática, la motilidad total y progresiva y el rendimiento de dosis variaron durante el año. La concentración alcanzó su máximo en marzo, disminuyó hacia junio, permaneció baja hasta octubre y luego se recuperó. Las motilidades total y progresiva presentaron una dinámica mensual diferenciada, con valores inferiores durante la primera mitad del año y una mejora posterior. El rendimiento de dosis mostró un periodo prolongado de menor producción entre febrero y julio, seguido de una recuperación a partir de agosto. Conclusiones. La productividad del eyaculado siguió un patrón anual marcado. La identificación del período de menor producción podría facilitar ajustes en los programas de recolección, la asignación de verracos y la disponibilidad de dosis en los centros de IA.
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The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article are available in the TECdatos Repository. Data identification number: https://doi.org/10.18845/RDA/YOYEDC
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Derechos de autor 2026 Francisco Sevilla, Ignacio Araya-Zúñiga, José Rafael Alvarado-Herrera, Rafael Molina-Montero, Julio Rodríguez, Felipe Vaquerano-Pineda, Anthony Valverde (Autor/a)
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Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica
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