Researcher–teacher collaboration: A contextual framework for creating scalable, social-justice-oriented literacy materials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/gjbnt677Palavras-chave:
literacy methods, digital storytelling, rural education, language instruction, artificial intelligenceResumo
This design-based qualitative study examined researcher–teacher collaboration in creating digital storybooks for rural sixth-grade classrooms in Costa Rica. Specifically, it sought to explore how a pedagogical design framework can inform creating digital storybooks that supports bilingual (Spanish/English) literacy through digital storytelling. Three experienced rural English teachers joined four online workshops between March and May 2024 to co-establish a pedagogical framework integrating culturally responsive teaching, Fraser’s social-justice dilemmas (redistribution, recognition, representation), and national English curriculum objectives. The team then used ChatGPT within FUNREAD – a web-based digital storytelling platform supporting Spanish/English literacy instruction – to generate beginning-level (CEFR-A1) storybooks. Field notes, transcripts, and participant feedback were thematically analyzed to trace design decisions across three phases: selecting social-justice dilemmas, mapping curricular themes, and crafting artificial intelligence (AI) prompts. The prototype storybook, “Susana’s Dream” – centered on Costa Rican NASA scientist Sandra Cauffman – illustrates how context-sensitive narratives can advance vocabulary, grammar, and critical awareness simultaneously. Findings demonstrate that structured co-design empowers teachers to embed equity, identity, and community relevance in literacy materials, while generative AI scales production without displacing pedagogical expertise.
Downloads
Referências
Akesson, Bree., and Oba, Olufunke. (2017). Beyond words: Comics in the social work classroom. Journal of Social Work Education, 53(4), 595–606. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2016.1275898
Alim, H. Samy., Paris, Django., and Wong, Casey Philip. (2020). Culturally sustaining pedagogy: A critical framework for centering communities. In Handbook of the cultural foundations of learning (pp. 261–276). Routledge.
Ankomah, William. (2020). Diverse classrooms: Social justice, equity, and diversity competencies for teacher candidates. World Journal of Education, 10(2), 15–26.
Araujo, Luisa, and Strasser, Janis. (2003). Confronting prejudice in the early childhood classroom. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 39(4), 178–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2003.10516402
Barab, Sasha., and Squire, Kurt. (2004). Design-based research: Putting a stake in the ground. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls1301_1
Berbary, Lisbeth, and Guzman, Coco. (2018). We exist: Combating erasure through creative analytic comix about bisexuality. Qualitative Inquiry, 24(7), 478–498. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800417735628
Bonilla Lynch, Álvaro, and Rojas Alfaro, Roberto. (2012). El aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras como herramienta para el desarrollo humano. Proceedings of the Congreso Iberoamericano de las Lenguas en la Educación y en la Cultura / IV Congreso Leer.Es, 1–11. https://www.academia.edu/110391255/El_aprendizaje_de_lenguas_extranjeras_como_herramienta_para_el_desarrollo_humano
Braun, Virginia, and Clarke, Victoria. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brochin, Carol. (2019). Queering bilingual teaching in elementary schools and in bilingual teacher education. Theory Into Practice, 58(1), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2018.1536917
Carneros, Sergio, Murillo, Javier, and Moreno-Medina, Irene. (2018). A conceptual approach to education for social and environmental justice. Revista Internacional de Educación para la Justicia Social (RIEJS), 7(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2018.7.1.001
Chaves Pérez, José David. (2022). Reconsidering English language learning in Costa Rica: Exploring teachers’ well-being and its importance, challenges, and recommendations in the wake of a new era in education. In Juan Pablo Vargas Zúñiga (Ed.), English language teaching in Costa Rica: Facing challenges (pp. 28-43). CIDE. http://hdl.handle.net/11056/23947
Consejo de Educación Superior. (2021). Política educativa de promoción de idiomas: Hacia una Costa Rica bilingüe. http://cse.go.cr/sites/default/files/acuerdos/politica_educativa_para_la_promocion_de_idiomas.pdf
Cordova Jr., Nelson, Kilag, Osias, Techo Tañiza, Frolomea Narra, Andrin, Glenn, Groenewald, Elma Sibonghanoy, and Abella, Julanie. (2024). Promoting literacy in early childhood: Leadership practices and long-term educational impact. Excellencia, 2(1), 79–89.
Cruz Rondón, Elio Jesús, and Velasco Vera, Leidy Fernanda. (2016). Understanding the role of teaching materials in a beginners’ level English as a foreign language course: A case study. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 18(2), 125–137 https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v18n2.52813
De Maio, Mariana, and Rodríguez, Nathian Shae. (2020). Mafalda and women’s rights: A canvass of the sixties. Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies, 4(1), 80–102. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.23870/marlas.291
Derman-Sparks, Louise, and Edwards, Julie Olsen. (2021). Teaching about identity, racism, and fairness: Engaging young children in anti-bias education. American Educator, 44(4), 35–40. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1281980
Fraser, Nancy. (2008). Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. In George Henderson and Marvin Waterstone (Eds.), Geographic thought: A praxis perspective (pp. 72-89). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203893074
García, Ofelia. (2020). Translanguaging and Latinx bilingual readers. The Reading Teacher, 73(5), 557–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1883
García, Ofelia, Flores, Nelson, and Woodly, Heather Homonoff. (2012). Transgressing monolingualism and bilingual dualities: Translanguaging pedagogies. In Androula Yiakoumetti (Ed.), Harnessing linguistic variation to improve education (pp. 45-75). Peter Lang. https://www.peterlang.com/view/title/35357
Gay, Geneva. (2018). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice (3rd ed.). Teachers College Press.
Gay, Geneva. (2002). Preparing for culturally responsive teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 53(2), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487102053002003
Glas, Katharina, Catalán, Erica, Donner, Marcel, and Donoso, Carla. (2021). Designing and providing inclusive ELT materials in times of the global pandemic: A Chilean experience. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2021.1940187
Gordon, Neta. (2020). “That’s our word”: National identity in Vaughan and Skroce’s we stand on guard. Canadian Review of American Studies, 50(3), 399–412. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3138/cras-2020-005
Grue, Michelle. (2020). An Afrofuturistic vehicle for literacy instruction. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 50(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2019.1693937
Hatlevik, Ove Edvard, and Christophersen, Knut-Andreas. (2013). Digital competence at the beginning of upper secondary school: Identifying factors explaining digital inclusion. Computers and Education, 63, 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.11.015
Hess, Juliet. (2021). “Putting a face on it”: The trouble with storytelling for social justice in music education. Philosophy of Music Education Review, 29(1), 67–87. https://doi.org/10.2979/philmusieducrevi.29.1.05
Hohlfeld, Tina, Ritzhaupt, Albert, Dawson, Kara, and Wilson, Matthew. (2017). An examination of seven years of technology integration in Florida schools: Through the lens of the digital divide. Computers and Education, 113, 135–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.05.017
Howard, Sheena, and Jackson II, Ronald. (2013). Introduction. In Black comics: Politics of race and representation (pp. 1–8). Bloomsbury Academic.
Jacott, Liliana, Maldonado, Antonio, Sainz, Vanesa, Juanes, Almudena, García, Tatiana, and Seguro, Vanesa. (2014). Representations of social justice amongst Spanish teachers and students. In Peter Cunningham and N. Fretwell (Eds.), Innovative practice and research trends in identity, citizenship and education (pp. 122–139). CiCe.
Kaur, Baljit. (2012). Equity and social justice in teaching and teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(4), 485-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.01.012
Kipnis, Eva, Demangeot, Catherine, Pullig, Chris, Cross, Samantha, Chi Cui, Charles, Galalae, Cristina, Kearney, Shauna, Licsandru, Tana Cristina, Mari, Carlo, Martín Ruiz, Verónica, Swanepoel, Samantha, Vorster, Lizette, and Williams, Jerome. (2021). Institutionalizing diversity-and-inclusion-engaged marketing for multicultural marketplace well-being. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 40(2). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743915620975415
Kleinhans, Belinda. (2020). Framing the path to conformity: Comics strategies and social justice in Barbara Yelin’s Irmina. Seminar - A Journal of Germanic Studies, 56(3-4), 235–255. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3138/SEMINAR.56.3-4.02
Ladson-Billings, Gloria. (1995). Toward a theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. American Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 465–491. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312032003465
Langley, Nia. (2021). #seehername Using intersectionality and storytelling to bring visibility to Black women in employment discrimination and police brutality. DePaul Journal for Social Justice, 14(2), 1–21. https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1249&context=jsj
Lucas, Tamara, and Villegas, Ana María. (2013). Preparing linguistically responsive teachers: Laying the foundation in preservice teacher education. Theory Into Practice, 52(2), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2013.770327
McCorkle, Tina. (2019). Culturally responsive training for secondary English language teachers [Doctoral dissertation, Abilene Christian University]. Digital Commona@ ACU https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/etd/127
McGrail, Ewa, and Rieger, Alicja. (2016). Increasing understanding and social acceptance of Individuals with disabilities through exploration of comics literature. Childhood Education, 92(1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2016.1134240
Mendoza Cazarez, Dulce Carolina. (2022). Understanding and promoting social justice in education: Implications for educational policies in emergency contexts. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 27(94). https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S1405-66662022000300829&script=sci_abstract&tlng=en
Merriam, Sharan. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. Jossey-Bass.
Ministerio de Educación Pública. (2016). Educating for a new citizenship: Programa de estudio de inglés. Segundo ciclo de la educación general básica. https://www.mep.go.cr/sites/default/files/media/ingles_2ciclo.pdf
Montenegro Sánchez, Ana Marcela, and Rojas-Alfaro, Roberto. (2025). Teacher perspectives on implementing the action-oriented approach in rural settings: Single case study. Revista Actualidades Investigativas en Educación, 25(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.15517/aie.v25i1.60680
Murray, Olivia. (2011). A call for K-12 schools to invest in social justice education. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 76(5), 60–64.
Nelson, Katherine S., Nguyen, Tuan D., Brownstein, Nathan A., Garcia, Devon, Walker, Hayden C., Watson, Jordan T., and Xin, Aote. (2021). Definitions, measures, and uses of rurality: A systematic review of the empirical and quantitative literature. Journal of Rural Studies, 82, 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.035
Ngwaru, Jacob Marriote, and Oluga, Mary. (2015). Educational infrastructure and resources for sustainable access to schooling and outcomes: The case of early literacy development in southern Tanzania. Africa Education Review, 12(1), 88–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2015.1036570
Nijdam, Elizabeth. (2020). Introduction: The social justice work of German comics and graphic literature. Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies, 56(3), 191–211.
Lawrence, Randee Lipson, and Paige, Dennis Swiftdeer. (2016). What our ancestors knew: Teaching and learning through storytelling. In C. R. Nanton (Ed.), New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education (No. 149, pp. 63-72). Jossey-Bass. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.20177
López Montero, Rosberly, Quesada Chaves, María José, and Salas Alvarado, Jonnathan. (2014). Social factors involved in second language learning: A case study from the Pacific Campus, Universidad de Costa Rica. Revista de Lenguas Modernas, (20), 435-451. https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rlm/article/view/15077
Okot, Tom, and Zúñiga Castro, Mario. (2023). Desigualdad digital en el sistema de educación pública: Estudio de caso fuera del área metropolitana de Costa Rica. Revista de Educación y Derecho, (28), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1344/REYD2023.28.41707
Pini, Barbara., Carrington, Suzanne., and Adie, Lenore. (2015). Schooling elsewhere: Rurality, inclusion and education. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 19(7), 677–684. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2014.964489
Pishghadam, Reza, Noghani, Mohsen, and Zabihi, Reza. (2011). An application of a questionnaire of social and cultural capital to English language learning. English Language Teaching, 4(3), 151-157. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1080720
Rainville, Kristin, and Gordh, Bill. (2016). Toward a narrative classroom: Storytelling, media, and literacy. National Association for the Education of Young Children, 71(4), 76–81.
Regalla, Michele. (2013). Teacher expectations and students from low socioeconomic background: A perspective from Costa Rica. Online Submission. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED540254
Robles-Barrantes, Andrés Ariel. (2021). Del discurso a los hechos: Política educativa del Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica. Revista Ensayos Pedagógicos, 16(1), 117-140. https://doi.org/10.15359/rep.16-1.6
Rodas, Claudia, and Osborn, Anthony. (2016). Social justice and language acquisition for English language learners. In: Rosemary Papa, Danielle M. Eadens, Daniel W. Eadens (eds), Social Justice Instruction (pp. 325-337). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12349-3_28
Rojas-Alfaro, Roberto. (2023). A virtual reality exploration of library services: Affordances and perceptions. International Robotics and Automation Journal, 9(3), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.15406/iratj.2023.09.00273
Rojas-Alfaro, Roberto. (2024). Navigating the stacks virtually: Integrating virtual reality into writing resource instruction. Computers and Composition, 72, 102851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2024.102851
Rojas-Alfaro, Roberto, and Montenegro Sánchez, Ana Marcela. (2024). Discussing a concept for an online learning platform with rural sixth-grade students in mind: Evidence-based guidelines for designers, teachers, and policy change. Innovaciones Educativas, 26(40). https://doi.org/10.22458/ie.v26i40.4890
Rojas-Alfaro, Roberto, and Ramírez-Casalvolone, Natalia. (2024). It takes a group to design but a larger community to implement: Social justice language education-oriented framework in Costa Rica. Pensamiento Actual, 24(43). https://doi.org/10.15517/pa.v24i43.62865
Rojas-Alfaro, Roberto, and Enriquez, Jeshua. (2025). High-context instruction: A case study of community college student responses for academic success in online composition courses. Computers and Composition, 75, 102920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2025.102920
Rojas-Alfaro, Roberto. (2025). Non-formal interviews as model interfaces: A case for deep learning in workplace instructional design research. Teaching Innovations, 38(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.5937/inovacije2501027R
Russell, Cristel Antonia, Schau, Hope Jensen, and Crockett, David. (2013). Cultural diversity in television narratives: Homophilization, appropriation, and implications for media advocacy. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 32(1 suppl), 119–130. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.12.025
Ryan, Caitlin, and Herman-Wilmarth, Jill. (2018). Reading the rainbow: LGBTQ-inclusive literacy instruction in the elementary classroom. Teacher’s College Press.
Sainz López, Vanesa. (2017). Representaciones de la justicia social en profesores y estudiantes de educación secundaria [Doctoral dissertation, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid]. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=138746
Scolari, Carlos Alberto. (2009). Transmedia storytelling: Implicit consumers, narrative worlds, and branding in contemporary media production. International Journal of Communication, 3, 586-606. http://hdl.handle.net/10854/2867
Simón, Cecilia, Barrios, Ángela, Gutiérrez, Héctor, and Muñoz, Yolanda. (2019). Equidad, educación inclusiva y educación para la justicia social, ¿Llevan todos los caminos a la misma meta? Revista Internacional Para La Justicia Social, 8(2), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.15366/riejs2019.8.2.001
Smeda, Najat, Dakich, Eva, and Sharda, Nalin. (2014). The effectiveness of digital storytelling in the classrooms: A comprehensive study. Smart Learning Environments, 1(6). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-014-0006-3
Solano Campos, Ana. (2012). Teaching and learning English in Costa Rica: A critical approach. Letras, 2(52), 163-178. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5476145
UNESCO. (2017). A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. https://doi.org/10.54675/MHHZ2237
Valdés, René, and Ramírez-Casas del Valle, Lorena. (2021). Prácticas de (in) justicia social en escuelas con buenos indicadores de efectividad escolar. Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 26(90), 787–813. https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-66662021000300787
Vargas Venegas, Marta. (2022). Desafíos de la educación costarricense en el siglo XXI: Reflexiones desde experiencias en espacios rurales. Revista ABRA, 42(64), 36–53. https://doi.org/10.15359/abra.42-64.3
Viales Angulo, Jairo Eduardo., and Carmona Miranda, Adrián Gerardo. (2014). Evaluating a textbooks efficiency to enhance students’ English proficiency in a Costa Rica’s rural school. Lenguas Modernas, (20), 395–425. https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rlm/article/view/15075
White, Simone. (2015). Extending the knowledge base for (rural) teacher educators. Australian and International Journal of Rural Education, 25(3), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v25i3.103
Wikipedia contributors. (2024, December 10). Sandra Cauffman. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 15, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Cauffman andoldid=1262331621
Woodley, Xeturah, Hernandez, Cecilia, Parra, Julia, and Negash, Beyan. (2017). Celebrating difference: Best practices in culturally responsive teaching online. TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning, 61(5), 470–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-017-0207-z
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Roberto Rojas-Alfaro, Ana Marcela Montenegro Sánchez, Lang Ying Hernández Chévez (Autor/a)

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Todos os artigos e ensaios publicados são protegidos por licenças Creative Commons (CC), sob o padrão Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike - CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, que constituem um complemento aos direitos autorais tradicionais, nos seguintes termos: primeiro, a autoria do documento referenciado deve ser sempre reconhecida; segundo, nenhum artigo ou ensaio publicado na revista ACTUALIDADES INVESTIGATIVAS EN EDUCACIÓN pode ter fins comerciais de qualquer natureza; e terceiro, adaptações do manuscrito devem ser compartilhadas sob os mesmos termos.
