Water demand of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) determined by NDVI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/zxczt264Keywords:
Remote sensing, crop coefficient, precision agriculture, irrigationAbstract
Introduction. Water scarcity compromises agricultural productivity and requires precise management tools. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) emerges as an effective alternative for estimating crop coefficient and monitoring crop water needs. Objective. To estimate the water demand of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) during the flowering phase in the Northeast region of Pará, by means of satellite images to obtain the NDVI and, from it, the estimation of the crop coefficient. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from 2016 to 2018 in the Avelinos community, Santa Luzia do Pará, Brazil, in an area cultivated with black pepper that was 1, 2, and 3 years old. Coordinates were obtained by GPS and Landsat 8 images were used to calculate NDVI. The crop coefficient (Kc) was estimated using the SAFER algorithm based on NDVI, and the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was calculated by multiplying Kc by the reference evapotranspiration. Results. In areas with 1 and 2 years of cultivation, Kc ranged from 0.22 to 1.00, while in the area with 3 years of cultivation, values ranged from 0.11 to 0.33, which indicates low vegetative vigor and water stress. The estimated water demand for the flowering phase was 2.50, 2.62, and 1.30 L m² day-1 for areas with 1, 2, and 3 years of cultivation, respectively. Conclusions. NDVI-based estimates effectively captured crop water requirements and vegetative vigor across different cultivation ages, revealing that the oldest area exhibits lower water demand coupled with elevated water stress. Given the absence of stage-specific values for black pepper, these estimated parameters provide a fundamental basis for refining irrigation management in Northeastern Pará.
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The research data consists of satellite images acquired from the Explore platform database of the United States Geological Survey, easily accessible on the institution's website.
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