Water demand of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) determined by NDVI

da Silva Freitas, Lailson; da Silva, Felix Lélis; Nascimento do Nascimento, Raimunda Eliane; da Silva Alves, Élvis; Araújo Gomes, Maryjane Diniz

doi:10.15517/zxczt264

Autores/as

Lailson da Silva Freitas Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7380-3571
Felix Lélis da Silva Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará. Pará, Brazil. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-103X
Raimunda Eliane Nascimento do Nascimento Paulista State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho. São Paulo, Brazil. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-1174
Élvis da Silva Alves Federal University of Viçosa. Minas Gerais, Brazil. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-1280
Maryjane Diniz Araújo Gomes Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará. Pará, Brazil. Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4692-3930

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/zxczt264

Palabras clave:

teledetección, coeficiente de cultivo, agricultura de precisión, riego

Resumen

Introducción. La escasez de agua compromete la productividad agrícola y requiere herramientas de gestión precisas. El Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) surge como una alternativa eficaz para estimar el coeficiente de cultivo y monitorear los requerimientos hídricos de los cultivos. Objetivos. Estimar la demanda hídrica de los cultivos de pimienta negra durante la fase de floración en la región noreste de Pará, utilizando imágenes satelitales para obtener el NDVI y, a partir de él, estimar el coeficiente de cultivo. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó de 2016 a 2018 en la comunidad Avelinos, Santa Luzia do Pará, Brasil, en un área cultivada con pimienta negra de 1, 2 y 3 años. Se obtuvieron coordenadas por GPS y se utilizaron imágenes de Landsat 8 para calcular el NDVI. El coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) se estimó utilizando el algoritmo SAFER a partir del NDVI, y la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) se calculó multiplicando Kc por la evapotranspiración de referencia. Resultados. En áreas con 1 y 2 años de cultivo, el Kc osciló entre 0,22 y 1,00, mientras que, en el área con 3 años de cultivo, los valores estuvieron entre 0,11 y 0,33, lo que indica bajo vigor vegetativo y estrés hídrico. La demanda hídrica estimada para la fase de floración fue de 2,50, 2,62 y 1,30 L m² día^-1 para áreas con 1, 2 y 3 años de cultivo, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Las estimaciones basadas en el NDVI capturaron eficazmente los requerimientos hídricos y el vigor vegetativo en diferentes edades de cultivo, revelando que el área de mayor antigüedad presenta una menor demanda hídrica aliada a un elevado estrés hídrico. Dada la ausencia de valores específicos para las etapas fenológicas de la pimienta negra, estos parámetros estimados constituyen una base fundamental para el perfeccionamiento del manejo del riego en el Nordeste de Pará.

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