Effect of seed moisture, temperature, and packaging on soybean seed longevity and quality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/bbwgbw74Keywords:
seed vigor, zeolite, seed storage, Glycine maxAbstract
Introducción. La calidad de las semillas es clave para un óptimo rendimiento del cultivo de la soya, y puede ser afectada por el contenido de humedad, la temperatura de almacenamiento y el proceso de empaque. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de los factores temperatura, contenido de humedad, empaque, sobre la longevidad y calidad fisiológica de las semillas de soya variedad CIGRAS-06. Materiales y métodos. Este trabajo fue realizado en el Centro para Investigaciones en Granos y Semillas de la Universidad de Costa Rica durante el 2022 y 2023. Se utilizó semilla de la variedad CIGRAS-06. Las semillas se acondicionaron y se secaron al 6 % y 12 % de contenido de humedad y se almacenaron (por 12 meses) a temperatura fría (6 °C) y ambiente (23 °C), en tres tipos de empaque (bolsa de polietileno, saco de polipropileno y bolsa al vacío), y se procedió con pruebas de germinación y de vigor de las semillas. Se trabajó con dos lotes de semillas provenientes de Guanacaste y de Pérez Zeledón. Resultados. Se presentó una interacción entre los factores estudiados, donde la temperatura de almacenamiento y el sitio de origen fueron significativos. Las semillas almacenadas a 23 °C y de Pérez Zeledón mostraron mayor deterioro, mientras que el almacenamiento en frío (6 °C) y con menor humedad (6 %) redujo la pérdida germinativa, especialmente en el lote de Guanacaste. Las condiciones ambientales de 23 °C aceleraron el deterioro, y disminuyeron el vigor cuantificado por medio de conductividad eléctrica. Conclusiones. Las mejores condiciones de almacenamiento para la variedad de soya CIGRAS-06 se lograron a 6 °C y con un 6 % de humedad en la semilla. El origen de la semilla tiene que ser considerado ya que también influye en la respuesta observada en los distintos tratamientos.
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