Epidemiological factors linked to fruit soft rot in banana renovated plantations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ssjgt920Keywords:
banana bacterial diseases, biological vectors, soil splash, predisposing conditionsAbstract
Introduction. Fruit Soft Rot (FSR) constitutes a relevant phytosanitary problem in banana production, particularly in renewed plantations. The limited updated information on climatic variables and associated epidemiological factors constrains the design of effective management strategies. Objective. To evaluate the contribution of climatic variables, insect vectors, cultural practices, and soil splash to the dissemination of FSR in renewed banana plantations. Materials and methods. The frequency of FSR, climatic variables, and bagging per hectare were analyzed between 2013 and 2016 in three renewed plantations of the Huetar Caribe Region of Costa Rica (Río Frío, Valle de la Estrella, and Guápiles), considering three stages of fruit development. Predictive models were developed from variables with the highest explanatory capacity regarding the epidemiological behavior of the disease, and the most robust model was selected for validation. Additionally, the potential effect of de-flowering, vector activity (Drosophila spp.), and soil splash was evaluated in Río Frío. Results. Accumulated precipitation and relative humidity showed the greatest explanatory capacity for FSR incidence during inflorescence emergence and fruit bagging. Among seven developed models, Model 2 was the most appropriate for estimating FSR as a function of accumulated precipitation and precipitation hours. De-flowering, fly activity, and soil splash, in the presence of D. chrysanthemi, increased disease frequency in healthy bunches. Conclusions. The disease is favored by climatic conditions during inflorescence emergence and bagging; de-flowering generates entry wounds for D. chrysanthemi; Drosophila spp. disperse D. chrysanthemi; and soil splash transports inoculum to the inflorescence. Model 2 predicted FSR trends and constitutes a tool for integrated management.
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