Toxicity of glyphosate in snow pea (Pisum sativum) on sandy-loam soil with a bacterial consortium
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2025.10Keywords:
herbicide, microorganism, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, soil biologyAbstract
Introduction. Glyphosate (GLI) is a common herbicide that, when applied in excess, can affect both broadleaf weeds and weeds. Plant growth promoting bacteria can promote GLI resistance and protection of agricultural crops. Objective. To evaluate the toxicity of GLI on the root, stem and root + stem of Pisum sativum (snow pea) in sandy loam soil, with the presence of the bacteria Ochrobactrum anthropi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa individually and in a bacterial consortium made up of both microorganisms. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in Lima, Peru. A completely randomized design (CRD) was performed with 32 treatments, whose soil was mixed with GLI and subjected to edaphological analysis. Four treatments were controls, 12 contained soil with O. anthropi and P. aeruginosa individually and in a bacterial consortium, and 16 treatments also contained P. sativum. Results. P. sativum exposed to 8.71 mL L-1 and 17.42 mL L-1 of GLI showed a significant reduction in growth, particularly in fresh shoot and root biomass, but the application of a bacterial consortium reversed this effect, improving growth. GLI altered soil pH and electrical conductivity, although organic matter did not change. Soil available potassium increased with GLI, but bacteria reduced this effect, and available phosphorus increased in the presence of P. sativum and GLI at 17.42 mL L-1. Conclusions. GLI at the highest concentrations affected shoot and root growth of P. sativum, but bacterial inoculation attenuated this effect and modified soil properties. This underlines the relevance of the interaction between herbicide, microorganisms, and soil parameters in agriculture.
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