Variaciones en la estructura subpoblacional cinemática del semen criopreservado de ganado lechero
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2025.63141Palabras clave:
ciencia animal, calidad del semen, espermatozoide, toros, movilidad espermática, inseminación artificialResumen
Introducción. En la industria lechera, el semen congelado-descongelado es importante para la inseminación artificial y la mejora genética del ganado. Objetivo. Evaluar la variación en la estructura subpoblacional cinemática del semen congelado-descongelado en razas Jersey y Holstein usando un sistema CASA-mot. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó de abril a noviembre de 2023, en el Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal (AndroTEC), ubicado en el Campus Tecnológico Local San Carlos, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Se utilizaron ocho animales de las razas Holstein y Jersey, y se analizaron nueve dosis de semen congelado-descongelado por animal para cada raza. Se descongelaron a 37 °C durante 30 s, 72 dosis de semen provenientes de ocho toros (cuatro de cada raza) a 37 °C durante 30 s. La movilidad y las variables cinemáticas se analizaron utilizando la tecnología CASA-mot (Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis). Resultados. La raza Jersey presentó mostró mayores porcentajes de espermatozoides móviles totales, móviles progresivos y rápidos en comparación con la raza Holstein (P < 0,05). El análisis de factores principales reveló dos factores significativos que explicaron el 87,5 % de la varianza total en las variables cinemáticas. Las variables cinemáticas entre subpoblaciones espermáticas (SP) presentaron diferencias (P < 0,05) en ambas razas. La subpoblación SP2 fue la más veloz, con valores más altos en velocidad curvilínea (VCL), velocidad rectilínea (VSL) y velocidad de trayectoria promedio (VAP) tanto para los toros Holstein como los Jersey. Conclusiones. Se encontraron diferencias cinemáticas entre las subpoblaciones identificadas para en ambas razas. Los patrones cinemáticos de las subpoblaciones presentes en el eyaculado podrían influir en la fertilidad y rendimiento reproductivo.
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