Propiedades químicas del aceite de cinco genotipos de Jatropha curcas L., en Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i1.44555Palabras clave:
biodiésel, índice de cetano, acidez, índice de peróxido, índice de yodo, poder calorífico, perfil lipídicoResumen
Introducción. Jatropha curcas L. (JC), es una especie multipropósito con aplicaciones biológicas, farmacológicas e industriales. Su aceite es reconocido por la composición dominante de los ácidos grasos oleico-linoleico que lo hacen apto como biodiésel en motores de combustión interna, sin hacer cambios importantes al diseño del motor. Objetivo. Identificar en el aceite de cinco genotipos de JC en Colombia los índices de cetano, peróxido, yodo, el valor de acidez, el poder calorífico y verificar si cumplen con las normas para producción de biodiésel. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un experimento en Espinal, Colombia, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cinco tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos estuvieron constituidos por cinco genotipos de JC. Se utilizó el fruto de la quinta cosecha en el año 2015. Del aceite se determinaron cinco ácidos grasos (oleico, linoleico, linolénico, palmítico y esteárico) y cinco factores químicos (índices de cetano, peróxido y yodo, acidez y poder calorífico). Resultados. El aceite de los cinco genotipos de JC evaluados en Colombia presentaron un perfil lipídico con predominancia de los ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (oleico C18:1) y poliinsaturados (linoleico C18:2). Los genotipos de JC evaluados en Colombia presentaron bajos índices de cetano, peróxido y yodo, baja acidez y alto poder calorífico. Conclusiones. Las propiedades de índices de cetano y yodo en los genotipos evaluados, cumplieron con las especificaciones de las normas ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) y EN (European Norm) para la producción de biodiésel, por lo que se catalogan como materia prima apropiada para la producción de este biocombustible.
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